2020 Libertarian National Convention
2020 presidential election | |
  Nominees Jorgensen and Cohen | |
| Convention | |
|---|---|
| Date(s) | May 22–24 and July 7–12, 2020 |
| City | None (May) Orlando, FL (July) |
| Venue | Online (May) OCCC (July)[1] |
| Chair | Nicholas Sarwark |
| Candidates | |
| Presidential nominee | Jo Jorgensen of South Carolina |
| Vice-presidential nominee | Spike Cohen of South Carolina |
| Voting | |
| Total delegates | 1,026 delegates[2] |
| Votes needed for nomination | 514 |
 2020 U.S. presidential election | |
|---|---|
| Attempts to overturn | |
| Democratic Party | |
| Republican Party | |
| Third parties | |
| Related races | |
| |
The 2020 Libertarian National Convention delegates selected the Libertarian Party nominees for president and vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election. Primaries were held, but were preferential in nature and did not determine delegate allocation. The convention was originally scheduled to be held from May 21 to May 25 at the JW Marriott Austin luxury hotel in downtown Austin, Texas.[3][4] On April 26, all reservations at the JW Marriott Austin were canceled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving the convention oversight committee to seek another venue for a possible July date.[5]
After extensive discussion and debate surrounding the question of whether the party's bylaws permitted it to convene online,[6] the convention was eventually scheduled to be held online from May 22 to May 24 to nominate the party's presidential ticket and in Orlando, Florida from July 7 to July 12 to conduct other business.[7]
Nominations and balloting
[edit]Chair election
[edit]Joe Bishop-Henchman, Tony D'Orazio, Jacob Lamont, Mike Shipley, and Joshua Smith ran for chair of the Libertarian National Committee. Bishop-Henchman and Smith were both incumbent at-large representatives on the committee. Bishop-Henchman was also the incumbent chair of the DC Libertarian Party.[8] Smith previously ran for national chair at the 2018 convention.[9] Incumbent LNC Chair Nicholas Sarwark announced that he would not be running for a fourth term and endorsed Joe Bishop-Henchman.[10][11]
Endorsements
[edit]- Federal legislators
- Justin Amash, U.S. Representative from MI-3 (2011-2021)[12]
- Party officials
- Nicholas Sarwark, Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2014–2020); Chair of the Libertarian Party of Maryland (2001–2003)[10]
- Candidates
- Larry Sharpe, 2018 Libertarian Party Nominee for Governor of New York[13]
Results
[edit]No one won a majority on the first round. Mike Shipley was eliminated, while Tony D'Orazio and Jacob Lamont were eliminated after a motion to proceed to a runoff between the top two candidates passed. Joe Bishop-Henchman was elected on the second round[15][16]
| 2020 Libertarian National Committee chair election First Round[17] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | First Ballot | Percentage |
| Joe Bishop-Henchman | 425 | 43.8% |
| Joshua Smith | 327 | 33.7% |
| Tony D'Orazio | 86 | 8.9% |
| Jacob Lamont | 60 | 6.2% |
| Mike Shipley | 38 | 3.9% |
| NOTA | 27 | 2.8% |
| Dulap Nelson (write-in) | 4 | 0.4% |
| Brandon Nelson (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% |
| Alex Merced (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% |
| Totals | 970 | 100% |
| 2020 Libertarian National Committee chair election Second Round[17] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | First Ballot | Percentage |
| Joe Bishop-Henchman | 528 | 54.5% |
| Joshua Smith | 397 | 39.1% |
| NOTA | 57 | 5.9% |
| Tony D'Orazio (write-in) | 4 | 0.4% |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% |
| Totals | 969 | 100% |
Vice-chair election
[edit]Incumbent LNC Vice Chair Alex Merced indicated that he would not seek re-election.[18]
Presidential nomination
[edit]Delegates were required to submit nominating tokens for candidates who they wished to place on the ballot for the nomination.[19] 30 Tokens was the threshold for being nominated,[20] with Jo Jorgensen, Jacob Hornberger, Vermin Supreme, John Monds, James P. Gray and Adam Kokesh meeting that mark.[19]
Vice-presidential nomination
[edit]The Libertarian Party delegates selected the party's vice-presidential nominee the day after they selected the presidential nominee.[21]
Endorsements
[edit]Nominee
[edit]- Individuals
- Jacob Hornberger, founder and president of the Future of Freedom Foundation; 2020 presidential candidate[22]
- Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist and political satirist; 2020 presidential candidate[23]
Withdrawn
[edit]- Individuals
- Larry Sharpe, business consultant and candidate for vice-president in 2016 and 2020[24]
- Individuals
- Adam Kokesh, activist; 2020 presidential candidate[25] (later endorsed Sharpe)
- Individuals
- Jo Jorgensen, senior lecturer at Clemson University; 2020 presidential nominee[26]
- Judicial officials
- James P. Gray, Former presiding judge for the Superior Court of Orange County, California; Nominee for Vice President in 2012; 2020 presidential candidate
- Individuals
- Adam Kokesh activist; 2020 presidential candidate
Theme
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In early 2019, the Libertarian Party held a contest, allowing members to decide the 2020 convention theme, charging $5 a vote.[27] On April 11, it was announced that the winning theme was "TANSTAAFL",[28] an acronym for "There Ain't No Such Thing As a Free Lunch", a libertarian economic concept popularized by American writer Robert Heinlein and subsequently Chicagoan school economist Milton Friedman.[29] The phrase was also embodied in the Libertarian Party's first logo, adopted in 1972, in an image known as the "Libersign".[30]
The second place theme was Ancapistan, an anarcho-capitalist utopia. Ancapistan, although controversial within the Party, was number one for many weeks during the contest, until in the final remaining hours leading up to midnight it was outspent by a few supporters of TANSTAAFL.
The theme contest raked in $24,007 for the LP to gear towards convention expenses.[28]
Convention speakers
[edit]Planned speakers
[edit]According to the convention website, the following notable people were scheduled speakers:[31]
- Patrick M. Byrne, founder and former CEO of Overstock.com
- Jim Cantrell, CEO and co-founder of Vector Launch, Inc.
- Laura Ebke, former Libertarian Nebraska state legislator
- Jim Gray, jurist and 2012 Libertarian vice-presidential nominee
- Lisa Jaster, engineer and U.S. Army soldier
- Larry Sharpe, 2018 Libertarian nominee for Governor of New York (keynote speaker)
- Joel Trammell, entrepreneur
Keynote speaker dispute
[edit]Black Guns Matter founder and 2019 candidate for Philadelphia City Council At-Large Maj Toure was initially chosen to be the convention's keynote speaker. This changed in November 2019, when Convention Oversight Committee Chairman Daniel Hayes rescinded Toure's invitation. Hayes cited tweets posted by Toure that were perceived as being transphobic and anti-immigrant.[32] Larry Sharpe, host of The Sharpe Way and 2018 Libertarian candidate for New York Governor was later selected to replace Toure as keynote speaker.[33]
Delegate allocation
[edit]Delegates to the convention were allocated based on the number of sustaining members of the national Libertarian Party per state, as well as the percentage of the vote cast by state in the 2016 presidential election for Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson. Delegates voted for changes to the national party's platform and bylaws, on members of the Libertarian National Committee and on the party's 2020 presidential and vice-presidential nominees.[34] A total of 1,046 delegates were selected to vote at the convention.[35]
Events
[edit]On the night of May 21 (EST), the final debates for president and vice-president are being held. Participation was limited to those candidates who had finished in the top five in receiving "debate tokens" from the national convention delegates, and had also received over 10% of those tokens.[36] Jim Gray, Jacob Hornberger, Jo Jorgensen, John Monds and Vermin Supreme all met this threshold and participated in the debate.[36] For the vice-presidential debate, participation was also limited to candidates in the top five with a 10% threshold.[36] Larry Sharpe, Spike Cohen and Ken Armstrong participated in the debate, with John McAfee placing in the top five but not receiving 10% of the tokens.[a][36]
Schedule
[edit]Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the balloting for the LP presidential nomination was held online, while the rest of the convention was scheduled be held in person in July.[6][21] Several practice runs were done the previous weekend.[37]
Sunday, May 17th
[edit]Final Credentials Committee Report Pre-convention
Thursday, May 21st
[edit]- Presidential debate, moderated by John Stossel.[38] (8:30PM Eastern Time)
- Vice-presidential debate, hosted by Jim Turney (approx 10PM Eastern Time)
Both were broadcast on the Libertarian Party's YouTube channel.
Friday, May 22nd
[edit]- Convention opens at 6PM Eastern Time
- Credentials report.
- Adoption of Agenda.
Saturday, May 23rd
[edit]- Business resumes at 11AM Eastern Time
- Nomination process for 2020 Libertarian Presidential Nominee
Jo Jorgensen is nominated on the fourth ballot.[39]
Sunday, May 24th
[edit]- Business resumes at 10AM Eastern Time
- Nomination process for 2020 Libertarian Vice-Presidential Nominee
Spike Cohen is nominated on the third ballot.
Presidential nomination results
[edit]Nomination round
[edit]Only candidates who received 30 or more tokens from the delegates qualified for the ballot.
| 2020 Libertarian National Convention Presidential vote – Nominations[40] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Tokens | Percentage |
| Jacob Hornberger | 218 | 24.8% |
| Jo Jorgensen | 193 | 22.0% |
| Vermin Supreme | 103 | 11.7% |
| John Monds | 95 | 10.8% |
| Jim Gray | 89 | 10.1% |
| Adam Kokesh | 58 | 6.6% |
| Justin Amash (write-in) | 27 | 3.1% |
| Arvin Vohra | 27 | 3.1% |
| Dan Behrman | 18 | 2.1% |
| Sam Robb | 14 | 1.6% |
| Kim Ruff (write-in) | 11 | 1.3% |
| Sorinne Ardeleanu | 9 | 1.0% |
| Spike Cohen (write-in) | 7 | 0.8% |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 6 | 0.7% |
| Larry Sharpe (write-in) | 4 | 0.5% |
| Totals | 879 | 100% |
There were several attempts to place candidates who had not received 30 tokens on the ballot anyway, with special attention drawn to an attempt to place "Great Meteor of Death" on the ballot.[41]
Balloting
[edit]
No candidate achieved the majority on the first ballot, so there was a second ballot vote. Due to finishing last of the six nominated candidates, Kokesh was excluded from the second ballot. No candidate achieved the majority on the second ballot, so there was a third ballot vote. Due to finishing last of the five remaining nominated candidates, Gray was excluded from the third ballot. Gray subsequently endorsed Jorgensen in his concession speech while Gray's running mate Larry Sharpe withdrew from the vice-presidential nomination. No candidate achieved the majority on the third ballot, so there was a fourth ballot vote. Due to finishing last of the four remaining nominated candidates, Monds was excluded from the fourth ballot. Monds subsequently endorsed Jorgensen in his concession speech and indicated he would accept the vice-presidential nomination if offered by the delegates.
Jorgensen was nominated on the fourth ballot with 51.1% of the vote.
| 2020 Libertarian National Convention Presidential vote – First Round[42] | Second Round[43] | Third Round[44] | Fourth Round[45] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Nominations | Percentage | Nominations | Percentage | Nominations | Percentage | Nominations | Percentage |
| Jo Jorgensen | 248 | 24.4% | 339 | 33.0% | 390 | 38.1% | 524 | 51.07% |
| Jacob Hornberger | 236 | 23.2% | 257 | 25.0% | 264 | 25.7% | 285 | 27.8% |
| Vermin Supreme | 171 | 16.8% | 184 | 17.9% | 188 | 18.3% | 206 | 20.1% |
| John Monds | 147 | 14.5% | 169 | 16.4% | 174 | 16.7% | 1 | 0.1% |
| Jim Gray | 98 | 9.6% | 64 | 6.2% | – | – | – | – |
| Adam Kokesh | 77 | 7.6% | 6 | 0.6% | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% |
| None of the Above | 8 | 0.8% | 6 | 0.6% | 7 | 0.7% | 4 | 0.5% |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 5 | 0.5% | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% |
| Sorinne Ardeleanu (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1% |
| John Ammens (write-in) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1% |
| Ryan Graham (write-in) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1% |
| Godzilla (write-in) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1% |
| Laura Ebke (write-in) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1% | – | - |
| Justin Amash (write-in) | 17 | 1.7% | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| Darryl Perry (write-in) | – | – | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| Arvin Vohra (write-in) | 3 | 0.3% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Edward Snowden (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhett Boogie (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lincoln Chafee (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| John Stossel (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Totals | 1,017 | 100% | 1,028 | 100% | 1,026 | 100% | 1,026 | 100% |
Vice presidential nomination results
[edit]Only candidates who received 30 or more tokens from the convention delegates qualified for the ballot.
Nomination round
[edit]| 2020 Libertarian National Convention Vice Presidential vote – Nominations[46][better source needed] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Tokens | Percentage |
| Spike Cohen | 302 | 34.6% |
| John Monds | 296 | 33.9% |
| Ken Armstrong | 115 | 13.2% |
| Adam Kokesh | 69 | 7.9% |
| Larry Sharpe (write-in) | 21 | 2.4% |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 20 | 2.3% |
| Zoltan Istvan | 7 | 0.8% |
| Vermin Supreme (write-in) | 7 | 0.8% |
| James P. Gray (write-in) | 6 | 0.7% |
| John McAfee | 6 | 0.7% |
| Sam Robb (write-in) | 5 | 0.6% |
| Tulsi Gabbard (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% |
| Michael Heise (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% |
| Ron Paul (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% |
| Totals | 874 | 100% |
Balloting
[edit]Prior to voting, presidential nominee Jo Jorgensen said that she would be voting for John Monds as her vice presidential running mate, but declined to endorse a candidate.
No candidate achieved the majority on the first ballot, so there was a second ballot vote. Due to finishing last of the four nominated candidates, Kokesh was excluded from the second ballot. No candidate achieved the majority on the second ballot, so there was a third ballot vote. Due to finishing last of the three remaining nominated candidates, Armstrong was excluded from the third ballot. Armstrong endorsed Cohen in his concession speech. Cohen received the vice presidential nomination on the third ballot.
| 2020 Libertarian National Convention Vice Presidential vote – First Round[46] | Second Round[47] | Third Round[48] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Nominations | Percentage | Nominations | Percentage | Nominations | Percentage |
| Spike Cohen | 416 | 40.6% | 474 | 46.2% | 533 | 52.2% |
| John Monds | 322 | 31.5% | 432 | 42.2% | 472 | 46.2% |
| Ken Armstrong | 180 | 17.6% | 96 | 9.2% | 1 | 0.1% |
| Adam Kokesh | 87 | 8.5% | 4 | 0.4% | 3 | 0.3% |
| None of the above | 7 | 0.7% | 12 | 1.2% | 10 | 1.0% |
| John McAfee (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% | – | – | – | – |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 2 | 0.2% | – | – | – | – |
| Justin Amash (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% | – | – |
| Sorinne Ardeleanu (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% |
| Julian Assange (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% | – | – |
| Rhett Boogie (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| Michael Cordova (write-in) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1% |
| Laura Ebke (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| Michael Kalagias (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | ||||
| Ron Paul (write-in) | – | – | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| Edward Snowden (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | 2 | 0.2% | – | – |
| Chris Spangle (write-in) | – | – | 2 | 0.2% | – | – |
| Vermin Supreme (write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | – | – | – | – |
| Totals | 1,024 | 10% | 1,025 | 100% | 1,022 | 100% |
Delegate polling
[edit]National polling of delegates to the Convention
[edit]Both of these polls were conducted using ranked choice voting, progression down the table indicates later rounds of voting as the candidate with the lowest total is eliminated.
| Poll source | Sample size | Date(s) | Amash | Gray | Hornberger | Jorgensen | Kokesh | Monds | Supreme | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpaVote Archived 2020-06-03 at the Wayback Machine | Released May 19, 2020 | 350 (V)[b] | –[c] | 17.4% | 22.9% | 22% | 7.7% | 9.1% | 12.6% | 8.3[d][e] |
| 17.4% | 22.9% | 22% | 7.7% | 9.1% | 12.6% | 8.3[f][e] | ||||
| 17.7% | 23.1% | 22.3% | 7.7% | 9.1% | 12.6% | 7.4%[g][e] | ||||
| 17.7% | 23.4% | 22.3% | 7.7% | 9.7% | 12.9% | 6.3%[h][e] | ||||
| 17.7% | 24.0% | 22.3% | 8.6% | 10% | 13.7% | 3.7%[i][e] | ||||
| 19.2% | 24.4% | 23% | 8.8% | 10.5% | 14.2% | –[j] | ||||
| 20.4% | 25.7% | 26% | – | 11.5% | 16.3% | –[k] | ||||
| 22% | 27.6% | 31.8% | – | – | 18.7% | –[l] | ||||
| 26.5% | 32.4% | 41.1% | – | – | – | –[m] | ||||
| – | 39.5% | 60.5% | – | – | – | –[n] | ||||
| 36.2% | 6.1% | 17.1% | 12.8% | 7% | 5.5% | 9.9% | 5.4%[o][e] | |||
| 36.2% | 6.1% | 17.1% | 12.8% | 7% | 5.5% | 9.9% | 5.4%[p][e] | |||
| 36.2% | 6.1% | 17.4% | 12.8% | 7% | 5.5% | 10.1% | 4.9%[q][e] | |||
| 36.2% | 6.4% | 18% | 13% | 7% | 5.5% | 10.1% | 3.7%[r][e] | |||
| 36.8% | 6.7% | 18.1% | 13.2% | 7% | 5.6% | 10.2% | 2.3%[s][t] | |||
| 37.1% | 6.7% | 18.7% | 13.2% | 7.6% | 5.8% | 10.8% | –[t] | |||
| 37.7% | 7% | 19.9% | 15.2% | 7.9% | – | 12.3% | –[t] | |||
| 39.4% | – | 20.6% | 19.1% | 8.2% | – | 12.6% | –[u] | |||
| 41.1% | – | 21.9% | 22.2% | – | – | 14.7% | –[k] | |||
| 44.9% | – | 25.6% | 29.4% | – | – | – | –[m] | |||
| 52.8% | – | – | 47.2% | – | – | – | –[v] |
See also
[edit]- 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
- 2020 Republican National Convention
- 2020 Democratic National Convention
- 2020 Green National Convention
- 2020 Constitution Party National Convention
- 2020 United States presidential election
Notes
[edit]- ^ Fifth place went to Monds, who was not running for vice-president
- ^ Ranked Choice Voting
- ^ Without Amash
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.3%; Behrman with 1.4%; Robb with 0.9%; Brian Ellison with no votes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i No votes exhausted
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.3%; Behrman with 1.4%; Robb with 0.9%
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.3%; Behrman with 1.4%
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.6%
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%
- ^ 6 votes exhausted
- ^ a b 12 votes exhausted
- ^ 13 votes exhausted
- ^ a b 29 votes exhausted
- ^ 46 votes exhausted
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%; Behra and Robb with 0.9%; Brian Ellison with no votes
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%; Behra and Robb with 0.9%
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%; Robb with 1.2%
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%
- ^ a b c 3 votes exhausted
- ^ 5 votes exhausted
- ^ 40 votes exhausted
References
[edit]- ^ Moellman, Kenneth. "COVID-19 Update – July 4, 2020". 2020 Libertarian National Convention. Libertarian National Committee. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ "Public copy of Presidential spreadsheet". LNC Votes (Google Group). Libertarian National Committee. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (December 11, 2017) "Libertarian Party Sets Location and Date of 2020 Presidential Convention". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- ^ Bryce, Tim (May 12, 2019). "The 2020 Election Schedule starts soon". NewsTalk Florida. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ Hayes, Daniel (April 26, 2020). "COVID-19 and the Libertarian National Convention". Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Doherty, Brian (May 9, 2020). "Libertarian Party To Choose Its Presidential Ticket in Virtual Vote Over Memorial Day Weekend". Reason. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (May 9, 2020). "Libertarian Party Will Use On-Line Process to Choose National Ticket in Late May, Then Hold an In-Person July Convention for Other Business". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
- ^ "About". Joe Bishop-Henchman for Chair.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bentley, Robert J. (January 10, 2020). "Profiles in Libertarianism: Joshua Smith, Candidate for Chair of the Libertarian Party". The Liberty Herald. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
- ^ a b Sarwark, Nick. "Nicholas Sarwark". Facebook. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ^ "Mike Shipley, Anarchist". www.facebook.com.
- ^ Amash, Justin (May 22, 2020). "My conversations with @jbhenchman convince me that he recognizes the great opportunities available to the @LPNational, wants the party to realize its potential, and will work decisively toward that end". Retrieved May 22, 2020 – via Twitter.com.
- ^ "LDCL: Larry Sharpe and Tony D'Orazio for Candidate for LNC Chair at 2pm ET". 25 June 2020 – via www.youtube.com.
- ^ @JoshuaAtLarge (1 July 2020). "Thank you to @RonPaul for an awesome..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Ebarb, Reed (2020-07-12). "New Chairman Elected For Libertarian National Committee". Independent Political Report. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ^ "Libertarian Party Elects New National Chair | Ballot Access News". 11 July 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ^ a b Harlos, Caryn Ann (5 December 2020). "2020 Libertarian Party Convention Minutes (Second Sitting)" (PDF). LPedia. pp. 49, 53. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ^ "Am I running for re-election as LNC Vice-Chair?". January 26, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2020 – via YouTube.com.
- ^ a b Winger, Richard (May 23, 2020). "Six Candidates for President at Libertarian Convention Qualify to be Nominated". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
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- ^ a b "Schedule".
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- ^ Doherty, Brian (May 24, 2020). "Libertarian Party Picks Spike Cohen as Its Vice-Presidential Candidate". Reason. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ Harper, Jennifer (April 4, 2019). "Crafty: The 1% Democrats take over the presidential race". The Washington Times. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- ^ a b "Convention Theme Contest WINNER!". LP.org. April 11, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- ^ Safire, William "On Language; Words Left Out in the Cold" New York Times, 2-14-1993 [1]
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- ^ "LP News 2017-3 (June)" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-09-16.
- ^ Winger, Richard (May 21, 2020). "Libertarian Party Has 1,046 Delegates for its Virtual Presidential Convention". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Paulie (May 21, 2020). "LP official presidential debates tonight; lineups announced". Independent Political Report. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- ^ Galloway, Jim; Journal-Constitution, The Atlanta. "Opinion: Libertarians to be first to nominate a presidential candidate via virtual convention". ajc.
- ^ Johnston, Bob (May 21, 2020). "Presidential and Vice-Presidential Debates May 21".
- ^ "Jo Jorgensen Wins Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination". May 24, 2020.
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- ^ Dawson, Noah (May 26, 2020). "How the Libertarian Party Nominated Jo Jorgensen and Spike Cohen". The Amarillo Pioneer. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
- ^ LNC Convention Day 2-1. Libertarian Party. May 23, 2020. Event occurs at 7:48:19. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
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