Jump to content

2024 in spaceflight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2024 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
First1 January
Last18 December
Total250
Successes243
Failures5
Partial failures2
Catalogued239
National firsts
Satellite
Space traveller
Rockets
Maiden flights
Retirements
Crewed flights
Orbital9
Orbital travellers28
Suborbital5
Suborbital travellers30
Total travellers58
2024 in spaceflight
← 2023
2025 →

For the fourth year in a row, new world records were set for both orbital launch attempts and successful orbital launches. The year featured successful maiden launches of Vulcan Centaur, Gravity-1, Long March 12, Ariane 6 (partially successful), and notably more developmental launches of SpaceX's Starship, including the first ever landing on Flight 5. Additionally, the final launch of a Delta family rocket occurred in April with a Delta IV Heavy. In May, China launched the Chang'e 6, the first sample return from the far side of the Moon. The Polaris Dawn mission conducted the first ever commercial spacewalk in September.

In terms of other national-level scientific space missions, NASA's Europa Clipper probe, and ESA's Hera probes launched in October 2024. NASA's Ingenuity helicopter ended operation in January due to damages to rotor blades after its 72nd flight. This year is also had multiple lunar landing attempts. JAXA's SLIM and Intuitive Machines' IM-1 successfully survived soft-landings on the Moon but were tipped over during final moments of descent.

Two crewed space stations, the International Space Station (ISS) and Tiangong, are in operation in 2024. In terms of crewed missions, the ISS was visited by Expedition 70, 71, and 72, while Shenzhou 18 and 19 visited Tiangong. The ISS also hosted the private crew of Axiom Mission 3.

Alper Gezeravcı became the first Turkish astronaut, as a crew member on the Axiom Mission 3. Belarus also had its first citizen reach space, when cosmonaut Maryna Vasileuskaya launched on Soyuz MS-25 (not counting Pyotr Klimuk, Vladimir Kovalyonok, and Oleg Novitsky who were Soviet or Russian citizens of Belarusian origin when they traveled to space). In addition, British citizen Nicolina Elrick became the first ethnic Singaporean to reach space when Blue Origin NS-26 soared past the Kármán line on 2024 August 29th.

Overview

[edit]

Astronomy and astrophysics

[edit]

On New Year's Day at 3:40 UTC marking the first launch of the new year, ISRO launched their XPoSat for studying X-ray polarization. It will serve as a complement to the present IXPE probe of NASA.[1][2][3] Later the ISRO's Aditya-L1 spacecraft launched 5 months previously was inserted into a halo orbit around the Earth-Sun L1 point on 6 January. It will study the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and their impact on the environment around Earth.

Einstein Probe, X-ray space telescope mission by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in partnership with ESA and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) dedicated to time-domain high-energy astrophysics, was launched on 9 January 2024.[4]

In April 2024, NASA began, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to create a standard for time on the Moon, it is called Coordinated Lunar Time and is expected to be completed by 2026.

The Space Variable Objects Monitor is a small X-ray telescope satellite for studying the explosions of massive stars by analysing the resulting gamma-ray bursts, developed by China National Space Administration (CNSA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the French Space Agency (CNES),[5] launched on 22 June 2024 (07:00:00 UTC).

European Space Agency launched their PROBA-3 dual satellites for solar coronagraphy on 5 December 2024 on a PSLV-XL rocket.

Exploration of the Solar System

[edit]

NASA's Mars helicopter Ingenuity flew its 72nd and last flight on 18 January. Because all four of its rotor blades were damaged, NASA announced the end of mission for Ingenuity on 25 January.[6][7]

On 7 October, the Hera spacecraft was launched successfully. It will arrive at the asteroid Didymos in 2026 after Mars flyby, where it will study the effects of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test.

NASA's Europa Clipper launched on 14 October and will study the Jovian moon Europa while in orbit around Jupiter.

Lunar exploration

[edit]

Artemis Program

[edit]

In November, stacking operation begun for the Artemis 2 SLS solid rocket boosters segments.[8] On 5 December, NASA updated the mission timeline, where Artemis 2 was delayed from 2025 September to 2026 April, and Artemis 3 from 2026 September to mid-2027. The delay is mainly attributed to problems involving the heat shield of the Orion spacecraft.[9][10][11]

Peregrine

[edit]

Peregrine lunar lander was successfully launched on 8 January, but after the launch a propellant leak was detected that precluded any attempt to perform a lunar landing. In the end, the Peregrine spacecraft never left the (highly elliptical) Earth orbit it was injected into by the carrier rocket, and the mission ended ten days later (after one orbit) on 18 January when the spacecraft re-entered the Earth's atmosphere (under control of the mission team) and was destroyed.

SLIM

[edit]

SLIM achieved the first-ever lunar soft landing for a Japanese spacecraft.[12] It landed on 19 January 2024 at 15:20 UTC, making Japan the 5th country to soft land on the Moon.[13] Although it landed successfully, it landed on its side with the solar panels oriented westwards facing opposite the Sun at the start of lunar day, thereby failing to generate enough power.[14] The lander operated on an internal battery power, which was fully drained that day.[15]

Irrespective of this solar array issue on lander, the two LEV 1 and 2 rovers, deployed during hovering just before final landing worked as expected, with LEV-1 communicating independently to the ground stations.[15] LEV-1 conducted seven hops over 107 minutes on lunar surface. Images taken by LEV-2 show the wrong attitude landing with loss of an engine nozzle during descent and even possible sustained damage to lander's Earth bound antenna, that is not pointed towards Earth.[16] Irrespective of wrong attitude and loss of communication with the lander, the mission was fully successful after confirmation of its primary goal landing within 100 m (330 ft) of its landing spot was already achieved.[17][18][16]

On 29 January, the lander resumed operations after being shut down for a week. JAXA said it re-established contact with the lander and its solar cells were working again after a shift in lighting conditions allowed it to catch sunlight.[19] After that, SLIM was put in sleep mode for impending harsh lunar night. While SLIM was expected to operate only for one lunar daylight period, or 14 Earth days, with its on-board electronics not designed to withstand the −120 °C (−184 °F) nighttime temperatures on the Moon, it managed to survive 3 lunar nights, waking up on 25 February, 27 March and 24 April respectively, sending back more data and images. This feat of surviving lunar night without a radioisotope heater unit was only previously achieved by some landers in the Surveyor program.[20][21][22][23]

Nova-C

[edit]

IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus launched on 15 February 2024 towards the Moon via Falcon 9 on a direct intercept trajectory and later landed in the south polar region of the Moon on 22 February 2024 and became the first successful private lander and the first to do so using cryogenic propellants. Though it landed successfully, one of the lander's legs broke upon landing and it tilted up on other side, 18° due to landing on a slope, but the lander survived and payloads were functioning as expected.[24]

Just before landing, at approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the lunar surface, the Odysseus lander was planned to eject the EagleCam camera-equipped CubeSat, which would have been dropped onto the lunar surface near the lander, with an impact velocity of about 10 m/s (22 mph). However, due to complications arising from the software patch, it was decided that EagleCam would not be ejected upon landing. It was later ejected on 28 February returning all types of data, except post IM-1 landing images that were the main aim of its mission.[25][26][27][28]

The lander also includes the Lunar Library that contains a version of the English Wikipedia, artworks, selections from the Internet Archive, portions of the Project Gutenberg, and more. It is projected to reside on the Moon in a readable state for billions of years.[29][30]

China Lunar Exploration Program

[edit]
Main article: Chinese Lunar Exploration Program

On 13 March, China attempted to launch two spacecrafts, DRO-A and DRO-B, into distant retrograde orbit around the Moon, but the mission failed to reach the strived for orbit, remaining stranded in a highly eliptical low Earth orbit.[31][32] Tracking data appears to show China attempted to salvage the spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit.[33][34]

On 20 March, China launched its relay satellite, Queqiao-2, to lunar orbit, along with two mini satellites Tiandu 1 and 2. Queqiao-2 will relay communications for the Chang'e 6 (far side of the Moon), Chang'e 7 and Chang'e 8 (Lunar south pole region) spacecrafts. Tiandu 1 and 2 will test technologies for a future lunar navigation and positioning constellation.[35] All the three probes entered lunar orbit successfully on 24 March 2024 (Both were attached to each other and separated in lunar orbit on 3 April 2024).[36][37]

China sent Chang'e 6 on 3 May 2024, which conducted the first lunar sample return from Apollo Basin on the far side of the Moon.[38] This is China's second lunar sample return mission, the first was achieved by Chang'e 5 from the lunar near side four years earlier.[39] It carries several international payloads as well as an un-(pre)announced Chinese mini-rover called Jinchan to conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface and imaged Chang'e 6 lander on lunar surface.[40] The lander-ascender-rover combination was separated from the orbiter and returner before landing on 1 June 2024 at 22:23 UTC. It landed on the Moon's surface on 1 June 2024.[41][42] The ascender was launched back to lunar orbit on 3 June 2024 at 23:38 UTC, carrying samples collected by the lander, and completed rendezvous and docking with the waiting orbiter in lunar orbit. The sample container was transferred to the returner, which landed in Inner Mongolia on 25 June 2024, completing China's lunar far side sample return mission. Pakistan sent a lunar orbiter called ICUBE-Q along with Chang'e 6. The lander also placed a small national flag of China, made of basalt, a substance that occurs in vast quantities on the Moon's surface, to demonstrate the spirit of in situ resource utilization.[43] After dropping off the return samples for Earth, the Chang'e 6 (CE-6) orbiter was successfully captured by the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point on 9 September 2024.[44]

Future

[edit]

DARPA provided funding towards a forward looking 10 year lunar architecture proposals. Aimed at creating the beginning stages of a lunar economy the DARPA lunar programs is participated in by many current industry leaders.

Human spaceflight

[edit]

On 4 February, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko broke the world record for the most time spent in space, when he surpassed the previous record of 878 days, 11 hours, 29 minutes and 48 seconds held by retired cosmonaut Gennady Padalka.[45] After Kononenko returned on 23 September, the new records stands at 1110 days, 14 hours and 57 minutes.[46]

On 5 June, Boeing's Starliner spacecraft conducted its crewed test flight.[47] Sunita Williams became the first woman to fly on the maiden crewed flight of an orbital spacecraft (for a suborbital spacecraft, similar feat was accomplished by Wally Funk on Blue Origin NS-16 mission of New Shepard).

On 11 September, following the launch of Soyuz MS-26, a record breaking 19 people were simultaneously in orbit around Earth. In addition to the crew of MS-26, this included the crews of Polaris Dawn, Boe-CFT, SpaceX Crew-8, Soyuz MS-25 and Shenzhou 18.

Private human spaceflight and space tourism

[edit]

SpaceX launched Axiom Mission 3 aboard a Crew Dragon spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station (ISS) on 18 January 2024. The successful mission ended with a splashdown on 9 February 2024.

On 26 January,[48] Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo VSS Unity was successfully launched from Spaceport America on Galactic 06 suborbital space tourism mission. Galactic 07 launched on 8 June, the final flight of Unity suborbital spaceplane.

Blue Origin's New Shepard also returned to suborbital space tourism launches with the successful NS-25 mission on 19 May. The next mission, NS-26, took place on 29 August and NS-28, that took place on 22 November.[49]

Polaris Dawn, featuring the first commercial spacewalk, launched on September 10 09:23 UTC. On September 11, the spacecraft reached an altitude of 1400 km, which is farther from Earth than any person has been since Apollo 17.[50]

On 17 December, two Chinese astronauts, Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong, completed the longest spacewalk in human history, of 9 hours and 6 minutes, with the assistance of the space station's robotic arms and ground-based scientific personnel, completed tasks such as the installation of space debris protection devices, inspection, and maintenance of external equipment and facilities.[51]

Rocket innovation

[edit]

The maiden flight of United Launch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur took place on 8 January 2024. Vulcan is the first methane fueled rocket to reach orbit on its first attempt, and the first methane fueled rocket to reach orbit from the US.[52]

China's Orienspace's Gravity-1 rocket completed its successful maiden flight on 11 January 2024, debuting on a new mobile sea platform in the Yellow Sea while breaking records as both the world's largest solid-fuel carrier rocket and China's most powerful commercial launch vehicle to date (as of early 2024).

On 5 March, for the first time due to their fast turnaround of 1 hour 51 minutes between launches, SpaceX launch operations for a mission (in this case, Starlink Group 6-41) coincided with that of a preceding launch (in this case, payload deployment of Transporter-10:(53 payloads SmallSat Rideshare).[53]

On 13 March, the KAIROS rocket from Space One company attempted its maiden flight. The rocket was destroyed in an explosion five seconds after lift-off. No injuries were caused by the explosion.

On 11 April, another test flight of the Russian Angara A5 launched, with the Orion upper stage being used for the first time.[54][55]

On 7 May, Long March 6C flew its successful maiden mission.

SpaceX's Starship launched its fourth integrated flight test (IFT-4) on June 6, 2024. The launch resulted in the successful controlled splashdown of both the Super Heavy booster and the Starship vehicle.[56]

In June, Stoke Space tested its full flow staged combustion cycle (FFSC) engine with a successful hotfire, the test marks only the fourth FFSC engine to have made it far enough in development to reach hotfire.[57]

The maiden launch of Ariane 6 occurred on 9 July, but it was a partial failure as though CubeSats were deployed correctly, but the second stage failed to relight due to an anomaly with an auxiliary power unit.[58][59] The second stage could not be deorbited and payloads studying and testing re-entry could not be deployed.[60]

On 13 October, Starship flew its fifth orbital flight test during which, for the first time, the first stage booster was recovered. This makes Super Heavy the second ever orbital class rocket booster to be recovered by the use of retropropulsive landing (first being the Falcon 9 booster).

On 30 November, Long March 12 successfully launched on its debut flight. Importantly, the launch also marked the debut of the YF-100K engine that will power the first stage of Long March 10 which is expected to send Chinese astronauts to the Moon before 2030.[61]

The maiden flight of Blue Origin's New Glenn was planned for November.[62] Initial rollout of the vehicle and testing was completed in February[63] and in May Blue Origin planned to conduct additional testing in preparation for launch.[64] On June 12 Blue Origin received the communications license necessary for the flight.[65] The launch was rescheduled for December 2024 or early 2025.

Satellite technology

[edit]

Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem or PACE, a NASA Earth-observing satellite, launched on 8 February 2024.

In March, China successfully launched the Queqiao-2 relay satellite mission. The satellite is designed to act as a communication relay between Chang’e missions (including the Chang'e 6) and Earth. The satellite was announced as operational in April.

In April, NASA launched a next-generation solar sail demonstration aboard a Rocket Lab Electron.[66][67]

ESA EarthCARE launched on May 28. Joint mission with JAXA.

NASA's GOES-U launched on June 25, with the capability to detect coronal mass ejections.

JAXA's ALOS-4 launched on July 1. It carries PALSAR-3 (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-3).

Orbital launches

[edit]
Main articles: List of spaceflight launches in January–June 2024 and List of spaceflight launches in July–December 2024
Numbers of orbital launches
Month Total Successes Failures Partial failures
January 22 22 0 0
February 19 19 0 0
March 22 20 1 1
April 19 19 0 0
May 26 25 1 0
June 17 17 0 0
July 13 10 2 1
August 21 21 0 0
September 23 23 0 0
October 19 19 0 0
November 30 30 0 0
December 19 18 1 0
Total 250 243 5 2

Launches from the Moon

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
3 June
23:38:10[69] 		China Chang'e 6 ascent vehicle Chang'e 6 descent stage, Apollo Basin China CNSA
China Lunar soil sample container CNSA Selenocentric orbit Sample return 6 June 2024 Successful
Sample return mission. Launch happened roughly 48 hours after landing, during which lunar samples were collected.[68] The ascent vehicle rendezvoused and docked with Chang'e 6 orbiter waiting in the lunar orbit and transferred the collected lunar samples to return vehicle for return to Earth.

Deep-space rendezvous

[edit]
Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
19 January SLIM Lunar landing Success[70]
Late January Peregrine Lunar orbit insertion Precluded due to propellant leak developing shortly after launch.[71]
3 February Juno 58th perijove On the day of this perijove, Juno flew by Io at a distance of 1,500 km. Orbital period around Jupiter reduced to 33 days.[72][73]
21 February Nova-C (IM-1 Odysseus) Lunar orbit insertion Success[74]
22 February Nova-C (IM-1 Odysseus) Lunar landing Partial success; lander touched down successfully, but one of the footpads came to rest on a rock, and the lander leaned over, then toppled on its side. The lander survived the fall, with instrumentation and solar panels oriented upward.[75]
24 March Queqiao-2 Lunar orbit insertion Success[76]
24 March Tiandu 1 and 2 Lunar orbit insertion Success[76]
8 May[77] Chang'e 6 Lunar orbit insertion Success[78]
1 June[41] Chang'e 6 lander and ascent vehicle Lunar landing Success[41]
Landing site is in the southern portion of Apollo crater within South Pole-Aitken basin on the far side of the moon.[68] coordinates 41°38′S 153°59′W / 41.64°S 153.99°W / -41.64; -153.99
6 June[68] Chang'e 6 ascent vehicle and orbiter Lunar orbit rendezvous Docking of ascent vehicle with orbiter; transfer of sample container from ascent vehicle to orbiter/return module.[68]
25 June Chang'e 6 orbiter and re-entry capsule Trans-Earth injection Orbiter and re-entry capsule separated after Earth orbit injection
25 June[68] Chang'e 6 re-entry capsule Lunar sample return Re-entry capsule bounced off the atmosphere once and landed in Inner Mongolia[41]
19–20 August JUICE Gravity assist at Earth and Moon Success
5 September BepiColombo Fourth gravity assist at Mercury Success
6 November Parker Solar Probe Seventh gravity assist at Venus Success
2 December BepiColombo Fifth gravity assist at Mercury Success
13 December Lucy Second gravity assist at Earth Target altitude 350 km
24 December Parker Solar Probe 22nd perihelion, closest approach to the Sun

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

[edit]
See also: List of spacewalks since 2015
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
1 March 2024
21:40 		7 hours 52 minutes 05:32 (next day) Shenzhou 17
TSS Wentian airlock 		China Tang Hongbo
China Jiang Xinlin 		Fourteenth EVA from the Tiangong space station. Tasks included maintenance of the solar panels of the Tianhe core module, which have sustained minor damage caused by impacts of space debris and micrometeoroids; evaluation and analysis of the performance status of the solar panel power generation and also inspection of the status of the space station modules.[79]
25 April 2024
14:57 		4 Hours, 36 Minutes 19:33 Expedition 71

ISS Poisk

Russia Oleg Kononenko
Russia Nikolai Chub 		The cosmonauts ventured out and released launch locks on the Mini Radar Unit to get it deployed and installed a series of experiments TKK and Kvartz onto Poisk including a monoblock payload adapter and boom and photograph the Russian Segment.The Cosmonauts also repositioned the Plume Measurement Unit, removed an ion radiation probe and jettisoned it, and retrieved the Biorisk canisters for return to earth. The cosmonauts also wiped down the handrails on Nauka and Poisk to check for microbial growth and contamination from the radiator leak and from visiting vehicles and hydrazine from Nauka's arrival.[80][81]
28 May 2024
02:35 		8 hours 23 minutes 10:58 Shenzhou 18
TSS Wentian airlock 		China Ye Guangfu
China Li Guangsu 		Longest Chinese spacewalk to date. Tasks included installing space debris protection devices and conducting inspections of extravehicular equipment and facilities.[82]
24 June 2024
12:46 		31 minutes 13:17 Expedition 71
ISS Quest
 United States Tracy Caldwell Dyson
United States Michael Barratt 		Dyson and Barratt were intended to venture out and retrieve the SASA Antenna and bring it inside, collect samples from the station's hull to look for signs of microbial growth that could be present on the modules either after launch or exposed to space, and prep the LEE A Wrist Joint Replacement Module for installation on an upcoming spacewalk. However, the spacewalk was terminated shortly after depress due to a water leak in the service and cooling umbilical unit on Dyson’s spacesuit.[83]
3 July 2024
08:19 		6 hours 32 minutes 14:51 Shenzhou 18
TSS Wentian airlock 		China Ye Guangfu
China Li Cong 		Tasks included installing space debris protection devices and conducting inspections of extravehicular equipment and facilities.
12 September 2024
10:12 		26 minutes[a][84] 11:58 Crew Dragon Resilience United States Jared Isaacman
United States Sarah Gillis
United States Scott Poteet
United States Anna Menon 		Testing EVA capability of Dragon and a new suit designed by SpaceX. Isaacman left the capsule for 7 minutes and 56 seconds followed by Gillis, who left the capsule for 7 minutes and 15 seconds. The other two crew members were exposed to the vacuum of space in the capsule, but did not leave it. First all-private crew spacewalk with commercially developed hardware, procedures, and the EVA suit. New record for most people exposed to the vacuum of space at a time.[85]
18 December 2024
04:51 		9 hours, 6 minutes 13:57 Shenzhou 19
TSS Wentian 		China Cai Xuzhe
China Song Lingdong 		The two astronauts completed the longest spacewalk in human history with the assistance of the space station's robotic arms and ground-based scientific personnel, completed tasks such as the installation of space debris protection devices, inspection, and maintenance of external equipment and facilities.[86]

Space debris events

[edit]
See also: List of space debris producing events
Date/Time (UTC) Source object Event type Pieces tracked Remarks
26 March China Long March 6A upper stage Breakup ~60 Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown; but may be related to upper stage passivization or insulation.[87][88]
26 June Russia Resurs-P No.1 Breakup 100+ Unknown[89]
4 July China Long March 6A upper stage Breakup ? Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown; but may be related to upper stage passivization or insulation.[87][90]
6 August China Long March 6A upper stage Breakup 700-900+ Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown; but may be related to upper stage passivization or insulation.[87][91]
6 September United States Atlas V Centaur Breakup 40+ Unknown[92]
19 October Luxembourg/United States Intelsat 33e Breakup ~500 Unknown; potential threat to all spacecraft in geostationary orbit, including the Russian satellites, Ekspress-AT1, Yamal-402, Ekspress-AM6 and Elektro-L.[93][94]

Orbital launch statistics

[edit]

By country

[edit]

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Electron rockets launched from the Māhia Peninsula in New Zealand are counted under the United States because Electron is an American rocket. For a launch attempt to be considered orbital it must be trying to achieve a positive perigee. For this reason the fourth and fifth flight tests of Starship are not included in the orbital statistics for 2024. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.

China: 65Europe: 3India: 4Iran: 5Israel: 0Japan: 7North Korea: 1Russia: 16USA: 150
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
 China 65 63 1 1
 Europe 3 2 0 1
 India 4 4 0 0
 Iran 4 4 0 0
 Japan 7 5 2 0
 North Korea 1 0 1 0
 Russia 16 16 0 0
 United States 150 149 1 0 Includes Electron launches from Māhia
World 250 243 5 2

By rocket

[edit]

By family

[edit]

By type

[edit]

By configuration

[edit]

By spaceport

[edit]
25
50
75
100
125
150
China
France
India
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
New Zealand
North Korea
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  Kazakhstan 7 7 0 0
Cape Canaveral  United States 66 66 0 0
Jiuquan  China 20 19 1 0
Kennedy  United States 24 24 0 0
Kii  Japan 2 0 2 0 First launch
Kourou  France 3 2 0 1
Māhia  New Zealand 12 12 0 0
MARS  United States 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk  Russia 5 5 0 0
Satish Dhawan  India 4 4 0 0
Semnan  Iran 2 2 0 0
Shahroud  Iran 2 2 0 0
Sohae  North Korea 1 0 1 0
South China Sea  China 2 2 0 0
Starbase  United States 2 2 0 0
Taiyuan  China 13 13 0 0
Tanegashima  Japan 5 5 0 0
Vandenberg  United States 45 44 1 0
Vostochny  Russia 4 4 0 0
Wenchang  China 9 9 0 0
Xichang  China 18 17 0 1
Yellow Sea  China 3 3 0 0
Total 250 243 5 2

By orbit

[edit]
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (CSS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (polar)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Molniya
  •   Geosynchronous
  •   Tundra
  •   High Earth
  •   Lunar transfer
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 2 1 1 0
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous 209 205 4 1 Including flights to ISS and Tiangong (CSS)
Geosynchronous / Tundra / GTO 23 23 0 0
Medium Earth / Molniya 7 7 0 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 6 5 1 0
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer 3 3 0 0
Total 250 244 6 1

Suborbital launch statistics

[edit]

By country

[edit]

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.

Spain: 0Brazil: 2Canada: 11China: 1France: 0Germany: 1India: 3Iran: 301Israel: 0Japan: 1The Netherlands: 1North Korea: 5Pakistan: 0Poland: 1Russia: 4Slovenia: 0South Korea: 0Taiwan: 0Turkey: 0United Kingdom: 0USA: 33Ukraine: 0Yemen: 3
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
 Brazil 2 2 0 0
 Canada 11 11 0 0
 China 1 1 0 0
 Germany 2 2 0 0
 India 3 3 0 0
 Iran 301 301 0 0 From the 2024 Iranian strikes in Israel
 Japan 1 1 0 0
 Netherlands 1 0 0 1
 North Korea 5 5 0 0
 Poland 1 1 0 0
 Russia 4 3 1 0
 United States 33 32 1 0
 Yemen 3 3 0 0
World 368 365 2 1

Maiden orbital flights

[edit]
Rocket Origin Organization Launch Outcome Ref.
Vulcan Centaur VC2S  United States ULA 8 January Success [97]
Gravity-1  China Orienspace 11 January Success [98]
KAIROS  Japan Space One 13 March Failure [99]
Long March 6C  China CASC 7 May Success [100]
Angara A5 / Orion  Russia Roscosmos 11 April Success [101]
New-type satellite carrier rocket  North Korea NATA/Khrunichev 27 May Failure [102]
Ariane 62  Europe Arianespace 9 July Partial failure [103]
Zhuque-2E  China LandSpace 27 November Success [104]
Long March 12  China CASC 30 November Success [105]
Kuaizhou 1A Pro  China CASIC 4 December Success [106]
New Glenn  United States Blue Origin December Planned [107]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ hatch open to hatch close

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Majkowska, Iwona (26 September 2023). "ISRO Plans Mars Lander Mission After Successful Lunar Mission". Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  2. ^ "ISRO set to launch Shukrayaan and XPoSat missions to exploring the universe's mysteries". Hindustan Times. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Halo-Orbit Insertion of Aditya-L1 Successfully Accomplished". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Einstein Probe lifts off on a mission to monitor the X-ray sky". www.esa.int. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Lobster-inspired £3.8m super lightweight mirror chosen for Chinese-French space mission". University of Leicester. 26 October 2015. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  6. ^ "After Three Years on Mars, NASA's Ingenuity Helicopter Mission Ends". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  7. ^ NASA Science Live: Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Tribute & Legacy, 31 January 2024, archived from the original on 1 February 2024, retrieved 1 February 2024
  8. ^ "NASA Stacks First Artemis II Segment on Mobile Launcher". 20 November 2024.
  9. ^ "FAQ: NASA's Artemis Campaign and Recent Updates". 5 December 2024.
  10. ^ "NASA Shares Orion Heat Shield Findings, Updates Artemis Moon Missions". 5 December 2024.
  11. ^ "NASA Identifies Cause of Artemis I Orion Heat Shield Char Loss". 5 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Japan makes contact with 'Moon Sniper' on lunar surface". BBC. 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  13. ^ Chang, Kenneth (19 January 2024). "Japan Becomes Fifth Country to Land on the Moon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  14. ^ "According to the telemetry data, SLIM's solar cells are facing west. So if sunlight begins to shine on the lunar surface from the west, there is a possibility of generating power, and we are preparing for recovery. #SLIM can operate with power only from the solar cells. #JAXA". X (Formerly Twitter). Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  15. ^ a b Sample, Ian (19 January 2024). "Japan's Slim spacecraft lands on moon but struggles to generate power". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  16. ^ a b 小型月着陸実証機（SLIM）および小型プローブ（LEV）の月面着陸の結果・成果等 の記者会見, 24 January 2024, archived from the original on 25 January 2024, retrieved 25 January 2024
  17. ^ Jones, Andrew (22 January 2024). "Japan's moon lander forced to power down but may yet be revived". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  18. ^ "SLIM Project Press Kit" (PDF). JAXA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  19. ^ "Japan: Moon lander Slim comes back to life and resumes mission". 29 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024 – via www.bbc.com.
  20. ^ "Last night I sent a command and got a response from SLIM. SLIM successfully survived the night on the lunar surface while maintaining communication capabilities! Last night, as it was still midday on the moon, the temperature of the communication equipment was extremely high, so communication was terminated after only a short period of time. From now on, preparations will be made so that observations can be resumed once the temperature has fallen sufficiently". X ( Formerly Twitter). Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  21. ^ "Japan Moon probe survives second lunar night: Space agency". Moneycontrol. 28 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  22. ^ "Still alive! Japan's SLIM moon lander survives its 2nd lunar night (photo)". Space.com. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  23. ^ Crane, Leah. "Japan's SLIM moon lander has shockingly survived a third lunar night". New Scientist. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  24. ^ "NASA, Intuitive Machines Share Images from the Moon, Provide Science Updates – Artemis". blogs.nasa.gov. 28 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  25. ^ "2/3 mission plans and procedures in order to deploy its CubeSat camera system. Despite the team's strong effort, the technical complications ultimately resulted in an inability to capture images of the Odysseus lander". Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  26. ^ Foust, Jeff (13 February 2024). "Intuitive Machines ready for launch of its first lunar lander". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  27. ^ Greshko, Michael (9 February 2024). "Second Private U.S. Moon Lander Readies for Launch". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  28. ^ "EagleCam update statement". Twitter. 23 February 2024.
  29. ^ Spivack, Nova (6 March 2024). "Third Time's a Charm — Lunar Library Successfully Lands on the Moon — Backup of Human Civilization…". Medium. Archived from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  30. ^ "Galactic Legacy Archive". Arch Mission Foundation - Preserving humanity forever, in space and on Earth. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  31. ^ "Status of "DRO-A/B"". Next Spaceflight. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  32. ^ Jones, Andrew (14 March 2024). "Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly". SpaceNews. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  33. ^ Jones, Andrew (20 August 2024). "Chinese spacecraft appear to reach lunar orbit despite launch setback". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  34. ^ Jones, Andrew (28 March 2024). "China appears to be trying to save stricken spacecraft from lunar limbo". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  35. ^ Jones, Andrew (14 March 2024). "China launches Queqiao-2 relay satellite to support moon missions". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  36. ^ "探月工程里程碑：天都二号卫星成功应用冷气微推进系统". Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  37. ^ Jones, Andrew (25 March 2024). "China's Queqiao-2 relay satellite enters lunar orbit". SpaceNews. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  38. ^ Andrew Jones [@AJ_FI] (25 April 2023). "China's Chang'e-6 sample return mission (a first ever lunar far side sample-return) is scheduled to launch in May 2024, and expected to take 53 days from launch to return module touchdown. Targeting southern area of Apollo basin (~43º S, 154º W)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  39. ^ Jones, Andrew (10 January 2024). "China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  40. ^ Jones, Andrew (6 May 2024). "China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d Jones, Andrew (1 June 2024). "Chang'e-6 lands on far side of the moon to collect unique lunar samples". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  42. ^ Seger Yu [@SegerYu] (1 June 2024). "落月时刻 2024-06-02 06:23:15.861" (Tweet) (in Chinese) – via Twitter.
  43. ^ "Chinese Flag on far Side of Moon May Remain Intact for 10,000 Years----Chinese Academy of Sciences". english.cas.cn. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  44. ^ Jones, Andrew (10 September 2024). "Chang'e-6 orbiter turns up at Sun-Earth Lagrange point after moon sampling mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  45. ^ Kassam, Ashifa (4 February 2024). "Cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko sets world record for most time spent in space". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  46. ^ "Cosmonaut Biography: Oleg D. Kononenko". spacefacts.de. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
  47. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (5 June 2024). "Boeing's Starliner launches astronauts for 1st time in historic liftoff (photos, video)". Space.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  48. ^ Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (26 January 2024). "The @VirginGalactic Galactic 06 mission was launched from the WK02 carrier plane at 1742:05 UTC Jan 26 following takeoff around 1700 UTC. After a one minute rocket burn, SS2 reached an apogee of 88.8 km and landed after an approximately 14 minute free flight. (1/2)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  49. ^ Foust, Jeff (29 August 2024). "Blue Origin flies NASA-funded scientist and space tourists on New Shepard suborbital flight". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  50. ^ @SpaceX (11 September 2024). "Polaris Dawn and Dragon at 1,400 km above Earth – the farthest humans have traveled since the Apollo program over 50 years ago" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  51. ^ Jones, Andrew (17 December 2024). "Shenzhou-19 astronauts complete record-breaking 9-hour spacewalk". SpaceNews. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  52. ^ Belam, Martin (8 January 2024). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  53. ^ "Liftoff of 23 @Starlink satellites from Florida while Transporter-10's second stage coasts through space ahead of its final payload deploys". X (Formerly Twitter).
  54. ^ Davenport, Justin (8 April 2024). "Launch Roundup: Delta IV swan song, Angara test flight from Russia, and three Falcon 9 flights". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  55. ^ "LAUNCH! Angara A5 finally launches on its first flight from Vostochny". Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  56. ^ Foust, Jeff (6 June 2024). "Starship survives reentry during fourth test flight". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  57. ^ Foust, Jeff (11 June 2024). "Stoke Space test-fires new booster engine". SpaceNews. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  58. ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (9 July 2024). "Anomaly on the Ariane 6 mission: the APU did not properly restart in the second coast phase. The APU operation affects the orbital parameters, and these did not change as expected. Unclear if the deorbit burn can be performed" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  59. ^ Amos, Jonathan (10 July 2024). "Europe's Ariane-6 rocket blasts off on maiden flight". BBC. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  60. ^ Parsonson, Andrew [@AndrewParsonson] (10 July 2024). "Ending off the press conference, Martin Sion confirmed that the upper stage can not be deorbited. Considering ESA's recent focus on its Zero Debris charter, this isn't a great look. Sion was also surprisingly flippant in his response to how long the stage would remain in orbit" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  61. ^ Jones, Andrew. "China launches first Long March 12 from new commercial spaceport in boost for country's lunar plans". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  62. ^ "New Glenn | Maiden Flight". nextspaceflight.com. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  63. ^ Atkinson, Ian (7 March 2024). "New Glenn completes initial cryogenic testing at Launch Complex 36". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  64. ^ Blue Origin [@blueorigin] (24 May 2024). "We're rolling out our New Glenn simulator again today for a series of transport erector integrated ground tests in preparation for launch later this year. Tests will include powering up the pumps that provide pressure to the vehicle hydraulic system, validating the ground system supplying commodities to the rocket, and a rapid retract test of the umbilical connections. More to come. 🚀" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024 – via Twitter.
  65. ^ FCC Space Licenses [@FccSpace] (12 June 2024). "License granted: Blue Origin Florida, LLC Dates: 06/12/2024-10/31/2024 Purpose: Testing will be for the first launch and certification flight of New Glenn, to includ(...)" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024 – via Twitter.
  66. ^ "NASA Next-Generation Solar Sail Boom Technology Ready for Launch - NASA". 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  67. ^ Mike Wall (23 April 2024). "Watch Rocket Lab launch new NASA solar sail tech to orbit today". Space.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  68. ^ a b c d e Jones, Andrew (29 May 2024). "Chang'e-6 set for weekend landing attempt as sun rises over Apollo crater". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  69. ^ China 'N Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (3 June 2024). "After collecting lunar samples from the far side, Chang'e-6's ascender fired it's [sic] 3000N engine at 23:38UTC on June 3rd. 6 minutes later, it entered 15*180km lunar orbit. With 4 more orbital maneuvers, it will climb to 210km lunar orbit to rendezvous with the returner" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  70. ^ Jones, Andrew (19 January 2024). "Japan makes history with tense, successful moon landing". SpaceNews.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  71. ^ Fisher, Jackie Wattles, Kristin (8 January 2024). "Peregrine mission abandons Moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  72. ^ "Juno gets second close look at Jupiter's volcanic moon Io". 3 February 2024. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  73. ^ Talbert, Tricia (8 January 2021). "NASA Extends Exploration for Two Planetary Science Missions". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  74. ^ Intuitive Machines [@Int_Machines] (21 February 2024). "Odysseus completed its scheduled 408-second main engine lunar orbit insertion burn and is currently in a 92 km circular lunar orbit. Initial data indicates the 800 m/s burn was completed within 2 m/s accuracy. 🧵1/4 (21FEB2024 0920 CST)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  75. ^ "Intuitive Machines: Odysseus Moon lander 'tipped over on touchdown'". 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024 – via www.bbc.com.
  76. ^ a b Andrew Jones [@AJ_FI] (25 March 2024). "Queqiao-2 began a 19-minute braking burn at 1646 UTC March 24 and successfully entered lunar orbit. Further manoeuvres to enter its planned 24-hour period orbit. Tiandu-1 & 2 are also in lunar orbit, completing burns at 1743 UTC" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  77. ^ Jones, Andrew (6 May 2024). "China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  78. ^ "Chang'e-6 enters lunar orbit after near-moon braking". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  79. ^ "Shenzhou-17 crew completes in-orbit repairs during 2nd extravehicular mission". Xinhua. 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  80. ^ Garcia, Mark (25 April 2024). "Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk for Hardware, Science Work". NASA. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  81. ^ Garcia, Mark (25 April 2024). "Cosmonauts Complete Spacewalk to Install Hardware, Science". NASA. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  82. ^ 24小时. "[24小时]约8.5小时！神十八乘组完成首次出舱". tv.cctv.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  83. ^ Garcia, Mark (24 June 2024). "U.S. Spacewalk Update". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  84. ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (12 September 2024). "The hatch open/close time was about 26m 40s. Isaacman was outside hatch for 7 min 56m; Gillis for about 7m15s" (Tweet). Retrieved 12 September 2024 – via Twitter.
  85. ^ "SpaceX Polaris Dawn astronauts perform historic 1st private spacewalk in orbit (video)". space.com. 12 September 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  86. ^ Jones, Andrew (17 December 2024). "Shenzhou-19 astronauts complete record-breaking 9-hour spacewalk". SpaceNews. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  87. ^ a b c Jones, Andrew (12 July 2024). "China's Long March 6A rocket appears to have an orbital debris problem". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  88. ^ @S4S_SDA (7 August 2024). "#S4S has confirmed the breakup of a Chinese Long March 6A rocket launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, China, on Aug. 7, 2024. Analysis ongoing. #spacedebris #SDA @SpaceTrackOrg @US_SpaceCom" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  89. ^ "Press Release: Break-up of Russian-owned space object". United States Space Command (Press release). 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  90. ^ @S4S_SDA (7 August 2024). "#S4S has confirmed the breakup of a Chinese Long March 6A rocket launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, China, on Aug. 7, 2024. Analysis ongoing. #spacedebris #SDA @SpaceTrackOrg @US_SpaceCom" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  91. ^ @S4S_SDA (7 August 2024). "#S4S has confirmed the breakup of a Chinese Long March 6A rocket launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, China, on Aug. 7, 2024. Analysis ongoing. #spacedebris #SDA @SpaceTrackOrg @US_SpaceCom" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 August 2024 – via Twitter.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  92. ^ @sling_shot_aero (6 September 2024). "#🚨Slingshot Orbital Alert 🚨 Slingshot Aerospace has detected what appears to be a breakup of the ATLAS 5 CENTAUR Rocket Body in a highly elliptical orbit (HEO). This rocket delivered GOES 17 into orbit on March 1st, 2018" (Tweet). Retrieved 6 September 2024 – via Twitter.
  93. ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (20 October 2024). "Intelsat's IS-33e communications sat has undergone a breakup event in geostationary orbit, with US Space Force reporting 20 tracked (but not yet cataloged) debris objects. The sat was launched 2016 Aug 24 and is over the Indian Ocean at 60.1E; breakup was 0430 UTC Oct 19" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 October 2024 – via Twitter.
  94. ^ Rainbow, Jason. "ExoAnalytic observes 500 pieces of debris from Intelsat 33e breakup". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  95. ^ Clark, Stephen (12 July 2024). "The unmatched streak of perfection with SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket is over". Ars Technica. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  96. ^ Harwood, William (28 August 2024). "SpaceX launches 21 Starlink satellites, but rocket's first stage crashes on landing barge". CBS News. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  97. ^ "ULA's Vulcan rocket launches private US moon lander, 1st since Apollo, and human remains in debut flight". Space. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  98. ^ "China's record-breaking Gravity-1 rocket aces amazing debut launch from ship at sea (video)". Space. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  99. ^ "First Kairos rocket explodes seconds after liftoff". SpaceNews. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  100. ^ "China launches first Long March 6C rocket". SpaceNews. 7 May 2024. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  101. ^ "Russia launches new Angara A5 heavy-lift rocket on 4th orbital test mission (photos)". Space. 18 April 2024. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  102. ^ "Another Failed Satellite Launch at the Sohae Satellite Launching Station". BeyondParallel. 28 May 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  103. ^ "Europe launches maiden flight of Ariane 6 rocket". CBS News. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  104. ^ Jones, Andrew. "Landspace puts 2 satellites in orbit with enhanced Zhuque-2 rocket". SpaceNews. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  105. ^ Jones, Andrew. "China launches first Long March 12 from new commercial spaceport in boost for country's lunar plans". SpaceNews. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  106. ^ @CNSpaceflight (4 December 2024). "No, no, no, they call it Kuaizhou-1A Pro" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  107. ^ @blueorigin (6 September 2024). "We're supportive of NASA's decision to target the ESCAPADE mission for no earlier than spring 2025 and look forward to the flight. We plan to move up New Glenn's second flight, originally scheduled for December, into November. New Glenn will carry Blue Ring technology and mark our first National Security Space Launch certification flight. We'll provide more details on these launch plans in the coming weeks. To learn more about Blue Ring, please visit: https://blueorigin.com/blue-ring" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
[edit]
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal
Retrieved from "https://wiki.eso.workers.dev/w/index.php?title=2024_in_spaceflight&oldid=1263687969"