Fingerprints of the Gods
.jpg) Cover of the first American edition | |
| Author | Graham Hancock |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Subject | Pseudoarchaeology |
| Publisher | Crown Publishing Group |
Publication date | 1995 |
| Media type | |
| ISBN | 978-0-517-88729-5 |
Fingerprints of the Gods: The Evidence of Earth's Lost Civilization is a 1995 pseudoarcheology[1][2] book by British writer Graham Hancock. It contends that an advanced civilization existed on Antarctica during the last ice age, until the continent supposedly suddenly shifted south to its current position. The author proposes that survivors of this cataclysm passed on their profound knowledge to cultures around the world, giving rise to the earliest known civilizations. The idea is a form of hyperdiffusionism that is largely based on the work of Ignatius L. Donnelly and Charles Hapgood.[3]
The book was followed by Magicians of the Gods.[4]
Thesis
[edit]
Hancock argues for a civilisation centered on Antarctica (which lay farther from the South Pole than today) that supposedly left evidence (the "fingerprints" of the title) in Ancient Egypt and American civilisations such as the Olmec, Aztec and Maya. Hancock discusses:
- creation myths describing deities like:
- Osiris, Thoth (Egypt)
- Quetzalcoatl (Mesoamerica)
- Viracocha (Andes)
- a range of archaeological sites such as Tiwanaku in Bolivia. Tiwanaku was a planned city which, according to UNESCO, reached its peak between 400 AD and 900 AD,[5] but is assigned an earlier date by Hancock. Tiwanaku is also featured in other works of "alternative archaeology", including Von Däniken's Chariots of the Gods?.[6] Von Däniken suggested that it provides evidence of an extraterrestrial civilisation, whereas Hancock does not argue for "ancient astronauts";[3] he proposes Atlantis as the origin of a lost civilisation.
Hancock suggests that in 10,450 BC, a major pole shift took place. Before then, Antarctica lay farther from the South Pole than today, and after then, it shifted to its present location. The pole-shift hypothesis hinges on Charles Hapgood's theory of Earth Crustal Displacement.[7] Hapgood had a fascination with the story of Atlantis and suggested that crustal displacement may have caused its destruction. His theories have no supporters in the geological community, where the accepted model is plate tectonics, but they were adopted by Rand and Rose Flem-Ath's When the Sky Fell: in Search of Atlantis (1995/2009) in which they expand the evidence for Charles Hapgood's theory of earth-crust displacement and propose Antarctica as the site of Atlantis.[non-primary source needed]
Reception
[edit]Members of the scholarly and scientific community have described the proposals put forward in the book as pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology.[8][9]
Canadian author Heather Pringle has placed Fingerprints specifically within a pseudo-scientific tradition going back through the writings of H.S. Bellamy and Denis Saurat to the work of Heinrich Himmler's notorious racial research institute, the Ahnenerbe, and the "crackpot theories"[This quote needs a citation] of Nazi archaeologist Edmund Kiss. Pringle draws attention to Fingerprints' "wild speculations" on the origins of Tiwanaku and describes Hancock as a "fabulist".[6]
Kenneth Feder said that the book reads like the "Victorian travelogue" of a writer untrained in archeology, who credits a mysterious white people for the achievements of the ancient civilizations he visits, Hancock notably referring to the Maya as "jungle-dwelling Indians" who could not possibly come up with a sophisticated calendar. Feder finds Hancock's synthesis of a variety of fringe writers such as Ignatius Donnelly, Charles Hapgood, Arthur Posnansky, Robert Bauval and Anthony West "very hard to swallow, indeed."[10]
Fingerprints of the Gods has been translated into 27 languages and is estimated to have sold five million copies around the world.[11]
Hancock responded to some of his critics with an updated edition of the book published in 2001 with a new introduction and new appendices, Fingerprints of the Gods: The Quest Continues.[non-primary source needed]
Influence
[edit]Fingerprints of the Gods was cited as an inspiration for the 2009 disaster film 2012.[12] In a November 2009 interview with the London magazine Time Out, the film's director Roland Emmerich stated, "I always wanted to do a biblical flood movie, but I never felt I had the hook. I first read about the Earth's crust displacement theory in Graham Hancock's Fingerprints of the Gods."[13]
In the extras of the Blu-ray 10,000 BC, the director Emmerich and his co-writer Harald Kloser said that they had found inspiration in the same book.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Fagan 2006, pp. xvi.
- ^ Killgrove, Kristina (3 September 2015). "What Archaeologists Really Think About Ancient Aliens, Lost Colonies, And Fingerprints Of The Gods". Forbes.
- ^ a b Moss, Stephen (6 February 2002). "Castles in the sea". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
- ^ "Religion, Spirituality and Faith Books - Best Sellers - Books - Dec. 13, 2015 - the New York Times". The New York Times.
- ^ Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture UNESCO.
- ^ a b Pringle, Heather, The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust (2006), Fourth Estate, London: p.310
- ^ Hapgood, Charles Hutchins; Earth's Shifting Crust: A Key to Some Basic Problems of Earth Science (Pantheon Books, 1958; foreword by Albert Einstein)
- ^ Fagan, Garrett G. Archaeological Fantasies:How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public Routledge 6 January 2006 ISBN 978-0-415-30593-8 p. 28
- ^ Nunn, Patrick D. Vanished Islands and Hidden Continents of the Pacific University of Hawaii Press (15 Aug 2008)ISBN 978-0-8248-3219-3 p. 128
- ^ Feder, Kenneth (July 2015). "Fingerprints of the Gods: The Evidence of Earth's Lost Civilization. Graham Hancock. 1995. Three Rivers Press, New York. 592 pp. $19.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-517-88729-5". American Antiquity. 80 (3): 617–618. doi:10.7183/0002-7316.80.3.615. S2CID 164241758 – via Cambridge.org.
- ^ "Graham Hancock Biography". GrahamHancock.com. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ "2012 (2009) – Credit List" (PDF). chicagoscifi.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ Jenkins, David (16 November 2009). "Roland Emmerich's guide to disaster movies". Time Out. Archived from the original on 16 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ (in Italian) Tambone, Alessio (15 September 2008). "Versione Stampabile _ Blu-ray 10.000 AC". AV Magazine (in Italian). Retrieved 28 July 2013.
Works cited
[edit]- Fagan, Garrett G. (2006). Archaeological Fantasies: How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-30592-1.
Further reading
[edit]- Brass, M. (2002). "Tracing Graham Hancock's Shifting Cataclysm". Skeptical Inquirer. 26 (4): 45–49. Archived from the original on 26 April 2010.
- Edlin, D. (n.d.). "The Gentle Art of Myth Management". In the Hall of Ma’at. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- Fagan, G. (n.d.). "Tiwanaku: Alternative History in Action". In the Hall of Ma’at. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- Fagan, G. (n.d.). "An Answer to Graham Hancock". In the Hall of Ma’at. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- Hancock, Graham (n.d.). "Fingerprints of the Gods - Evidence of Earth's Lost Civilization (1995)". GrahamHancock.com. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- Heinrich, P. (n.d.). "Wild Side of Geoarchaeology". In the Hall of Ma’at. Retrieved 14 November 2022. Comments on Hancock's views of geology presented in a series of articles.
- Malek, J. (1996). "Fingerprints of the Gods: A Review". Discussions in Egyptology. 34: 135–142. Retrieved 14 November 2022 – via In the Hall of Ma’at.