Flag and seal of Illinois
 | |
| Use | Civil and state flag    |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 3:5 |
| Adopted | September 17, 1969 |
| Design | A state seal above the word Illinois in blue on a white field. |
| Designed by | Sharon Tyndale |
| Great Seal of the State of Illinois | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Armiger | State of Illinois |
| Adopted | 1868 |
| Motto | "State Sovereignty, National Union" |
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The Great Seal of the State of Illinois is the official emblem of the U.S. state of Illinois, and signifies the official nature of a document produced by the state. The present seal was designed and proposed in 1868 and officially adopted in 1869. It depicts in profile a bald eagle perched on a rock with wings spread and holding a shield, with a banner in its beak and sunrise over water in the background. It replaced an earlier seal that was almost the same as the Great Seal of the United States, adopted when Illinois became a state in 1818.
The flag of the state of Illinois bearing the central elements of the seal on a white field was adopted in 1915, and the word Illinois was added to the flag in 1970. In a 2001 survey by the North American Vexillological Association, the flag of Illinois was ranked 49th out of 72 different flags of states and territories, mainly in the US and Canada. For flags, easily recognizable, simpler, bold-shape designs did better in the survey than flags that copied the jurisdiction's seal.[1]
Design
[edit]The current flag depicts the Great Seal of Illinois, which was originally designed in 1819 and emulated the Great Seal of the United States. In the eagle's beak there is a banner with the state motto, "State Sovereignty, National Union." The dates on the seal, 1818 and 1868, represent the year Illinois became a state and the year in which the Great Seal was redesigned by Sharon Tyndale. Although "State Sovereignty" comes first in the motto, "State" is at the bottom and "Sovereignty" is upside-down.[2]
It is one of nine U.S. state flags to feature an eagle, alongside those of Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Wyoming.
Seal history
[edit]The first Great Seal of the State of Illinois was adopted in 1819 by the first Illinois General Assembly. The first law authorizing the Great Seal required the secretary of state of Illinois to procure and keep the seal.[3] The first seal engraved was essentially a copy of the Great Seal of the United States. It was used until 1839, when it was recut. The seal designed in 1839 became the Second Great Seal.[4]
Illinois Secretary of State Sharon Tyndale spearheaded the drive to create a third state seal for Illinois. In 1867, he asked State Senator Allen C. Fuller to introduce legislation requiring a new seal, and suggested to Fuller that the words of the state motto be reversed, from "State Sovereignty, National Union", to "National Union, State Sovereignty". However, the bill passed by the legislature on March 7, 1867,[3] kept the original wording. Despite declining his suggestion, the legislature nonetheless entrusted Tyndale with designing the new seal.[4] And Tyndale managed to (literally) twist the legislature's intent; he kept the words in the correct order on the banner, but the banner twists, so the word "Sovereignty" is upside down, arguably making it less readable.
Tyndale's seal features a bald eagle perched on a rock carrying a shield in its talons and a banner with the state motto in its beak. Thirteen stars and thirteen stripes on the shield represent the original thirteen states of the Union. The date August 26, 1818, when Illinois's first constitution was adopted in Kaskaskia, appears along the bottom arc of the circle, and 1818, the year of statehood, displays on the seal below 1868, the year the current seal was adopted. This basic design has survived through several minor modifications since it was first conceived. The Illinois secretary of state is still the keeper of the Great Seal of the State of Illinois.[4]
Flag history
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Illinois's flag from 1915 to 1968Initial adoption, 1915
[edit]During her time as state regent of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) in 1912, Ella Park Lawrence began a campaign to have Illinois adopt a state flag.[5] She was unsuccessful during her time as state regent, but continued to lobby members of the Illinois General Assembly to adopt a state flag as a member of the Rockford chapter of the DAR.[5] On April 1, 1914, Lawrence sent a letter to every Illinois chapter of the DAR announcing a contest to design an Illinois state flag, with the winner receiving a prize of $25, equivalent to $760 in 2023.[6][5] Thirty-five designs were submitted in response to this contest.[5]
The contest was judged by a panel chaired by Lewis Stevenson, Illinois Secretary of State. They selected the design of Lucy Derwent.[5] The flag became the official state banner on July 6, 1915, following its passage in the Illinois State House and Senate.[5] Governor Edward F. Dunne did not sign the bill, but he did not veto it.[4]
1969 alterations
[edit]In the 1960s, Chief Petty Officer Bruce McDaniel petitioned to have the name of the state added to the flag. He noted that many of the people with whom he served during the Vietnam War did not recognize the banner. Governor Richard B. Ogilvie signed the addition to the flag into law on September 17, 1969, and the new flag, designed by Sanford (Florence) Hutchinson, became official on July 1, 1970.[7]
Anniversary flags
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Illinois Centennial flag by Wallace Rice -
Illinois Sesquicentennial flag -
Illinois Bicentennial flag
Illinois Centennial design
[edit]For Illinois's first 100 years of statehood in 1918, Wallace Rice, who designed Chicago's flag, designed a centennial flag for the state. It had three horizontal bands of equal width alternating white, blue, white. It was charged with 21 stars along the edge of the hoist. There were 10 blue stars in the upper white band and 10 in the lower white band, representing the 10 northern and 10 southern states at the time of Illinois' statehood in 1818. The center blue band had one large, white star for the state of Illinois itself.[8]
Illinois Sesquicentennial design
[edit]To mark Illinois' 150th anniversary of statehood in 1968, a sesquicentennial flag was designed for the state. The flag was dark blue, with a stylised white letter "I" defaced with a red map of Illinois in the center, which was surrounded by a circle of twenty white five-pointed stars, with an additional twenty-first star (larger than the others) set outside the circle to the upper-right.[9]
Illinois Bicentennial design
[edit]There was no bicentennial flag. However, on January 12, 2017, the state unveiled a logo in preparation for the state's bicentennial the following year. The logo, designed by Ben Olsen, features a blue silhouette of the state with the word ILLINOIS above. In the center of the silhouette, is a sunburst effect with the number 200 in gold. Along the right side is the word Bicentennial also in gold from bottom to top and beneath are the dates 1818 and 2018. This is all surrounded by 21 gold stars denoting Illinois position as the twenty-first state. Executive Director of the Bicentennial Office, Stewart Layne, added, "The sunburst in the middle of the state outline portrays the impact Illinois has made on the country and the world over the past two centuries and the bright future we aspire to for the next 200 years."[10][11] The "Illinois Bicentennial Flag Raising Ceremony" took place on December 4, 2017 at the Skokie Village Hall in Cook County.[12]
2025 redesign
[edit]In March 2023, the Illinois Senate approved the creation of the Illinois Flag Commission, tasked with exploring and developing a new design for the state flag.[13] By May 2023, the Illinois House passed the same bill.[14] Lawmakers stated that the General Assembly could decide on the new flag within the coming years.[15] In August 2024, it was announced that a contest to redesign the flag would begin, with submissions opening on September 3, 2024 and closing October 18, 2024.[16] The Commission had shortlisted ten designs, which will be put to a public vote in January 2025.[17] In addition to the new designs, the public will also have the option to vote for three historic Illinois flags—the Centennial flag, the Sesquicentennial flag, and the current state flag.[18] The state's General Assembly will make the final decision regardless of the results of the public vote.
Finalists
[edit]On December 10, 2024, the flags of the ten shortlisted designs were released:[19]
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![Submission #200 - The circle of twenty small stars surrounding a single large star represents Illinois having been the twenty-first state of the union. The large blue stripe symbolises Lake Michigan, while the two smaller blue stripes stand for the state's numerous rivers, including the Illinois River and the Mississippi River. The two large white stripes represent Illinois' agriculture, and the two small white stripes symbolise the state's commerce and industry.[19]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%28200%29.png/120px-Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%28200%29.png)
Submission #200 - The circle of twenty small stars surrounding a single large star represents Illinois having been the twenty-first state of the union. The large blue stripe symbolises Lake Michigan, while the two smaller blue stripes stand for the state's numerous rivers, including the Illinois River and the Mississippi River. The two large white stripes represent Illinois' agriculture, and the two small white stripes symbolise the state's commerce and industry.[19] -
![Submission #896 - This design is intended to be an embellishment to the current flag, with the primary differences being the removal of the state name from beneath the emblem, and the addition of vertical red and blue stripes (separated by a thin white stripe) on both ends of the flag, so as to reduce the "seal-on-a-bedsheet" vibe.[19]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%28896%29.png/120px-Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%28896%29.png)
Submission #896 - This design is intended to be an embellishment to the current flag, with the primary differences being the removal of the state name from beneath the emblem, and the addition of vertical red and blue stripes (separated by a thin white stripe) on both ends of the flag, so as to reduce the "seal-on-a-bedsheet" vibe.[19] -
![Submission #2246 - The twenty-one stripes of green and white mark Illinois' status as the twenty-first state, and are arranged in such a way to resemble rows of crops and the open prairie (which also invokes Illinois' official nickname of "The Prairie State"). The sun on the horizon represents renewal. The three six-pointed stars stand for the three regions of the state (Northern Illinois, Central Illinois and Southern Illinois), while their collective eighteen points invoke the year 1818, when Illinois became a state. Blue represents unity, green symbolises agriculture, and yellow stands for a bright future.[19]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%282246%29.png/120px-Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%282246%29.png)
Submission #2246 - The twenty-one stripes of green and white mark Illinois' status as the twenty-first state, and are arranged in such a way to resemble rows of crops and the open prairie (which also invokes Illinois' official nickname of "The Prairie State"). The sun on the horizon represents renewal. The three six-pointed stars stand for the three regions of the state (Northern Illinois, Central Illinois and Southern Illinois), while their collective eighteen points invoke the year 1818, when Illinois became a state. Blue represents unity, green symbolises agriculture, and yellow stands for a bright future.[19] -
Submission #2752 -
Submission #3679 -
Submission #3754 -
Submission #4129 -
Submission #4220 -
![Submission #4321 - The central symbol is the monarch butterfly, the official state insect. The circle of twenty-one stars invokes Illinois' status as the twenty-first state, with the large star at the top representing Illinois itself. The blue symbolises loyalty, sincerity, strength and trust, while the orange stands for creativity, determination and success.[19]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%284321%29.png/120px-Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%284321%29.png)
Submission #4321 - The central symbol is the monarch butterfly, the official state insect. The circle of twenty-one stars invokes Illinois' status as the twenty-first state, with the large star at the top representing Illinois itself. The blue symbolises loyalty, sincerity, strength and trust, while the orange stands for creativity, determination and success.[19] -
![Submission #4669 - The blue field with the white six-pointed star represents Chicago, while the twenty-one red and white stripes in the fly symbolise Illinois' status as the twenty-first state. Separating the stripes from the blue field is the shape of a white letter "I" for "Illinois".[19]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%284669%29.png/120px-Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_%284669%29.png)
Submission #4669 - The blue field with the white six-pointed star represents Chicago, while the twenty-one red and white stripes in the fly symbolise Illinois' status as the twenty-first state. Separating the stripes from the blue field is the shape of a white letter "I" for "Illinois".[19]
![Submission #200 - The circle of twenty small stars surrounding a single large star represents Illinois having been the twenty-first state of the union. The large blue stripe symbolises Lake Michigan, while the two smaller blue stripes stand for the state's numerous rivers, including the Illinois River and the Mississippi River. The two large white stripes represent Illinois' agriculture, and the two small white stripes symbolise the state's commerce and industry.[19]](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_(200).png)
![Submission #896 - This design is intended to be an embellishment to the current flag, with the primary differences being the removal of the state name from beneath the emblem, and the addition of vertical red and blue stripes (separated by a thin white stripe) on both ends of the flag, so as to reduce the "seal-on-a-bedsheet" vibe.[19]](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_(896).png)
![Submission #2246 - The twenty-one stripes of green and white mark Illinois' status as the twenty-first state, and are arranged in such a way to resemble rows of crops and the open prairie (which also invokes Illinois' official nickname of "The Prairie State"). The sun on the horizon represents renewal. The three six-pointed stars stand for the three regions of the state (Northern Illinois, Central Illinois and Southern Illinois), while their collective eighteen points invoke the year 1818, when Illinois became a state. Blue represents unity, green symbolises agriculture, and yellow stands for a bright future.[19]](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_(2246).png)
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![Submission #4321 - The central symbol is the monarch butterfly, the official state insect. The circle of twenty-one stars invokes Illinois' status as the twenty-first state, with the large star at the top representing Illinois itself. The blue symbolises loyalty, sincerity, strength and trust, while the orange stands for creativity, determination and success.[19]](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_(4321).png)
![Submission #4669 - The blue field with the white six-pointed star represents Chicago, while the twenty-one red and white stripes in the fly symbolise Illinois' status as the twenty-first state. Separating the stripes from the blue field is the shape of a white letter "I" for "Illinois".[19]](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois_2025_redesign_finalist_(4669).png)
Government seals of Illinois
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Seal of the attorney general of Illinois -
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Seal of the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority -
![In 1918 Springfield artist George H. Schanbacher painted the eagles and shields between the corbel statues in the upper rotunda as part of Illinois' centennial celebration. This shield was modeled after the centennial flag designed by Wallace Rice.[12]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Illinois_Rotunda_Eagles.jpg/120px-Illinois_Rotunda_Eagles.jpg)
In 1918 Springfield artist George H. Schanbacher painted the eagles and shields between the corbel statues in the upper rotunda as part of Illinois' centennial celebration. This shield was modeled after the centennial flag designed by Wallace Rice.[20]
![In 1918 Springfield artist George H. Schanbacher painted the eagles and shields between the corbel statues in the upper rotunda as part of Illinois' centennial celebration. This shield was modeled after the centennial flag designed by Wallace Rice.[12]](/wiki/File:Illinois_Rotunda_Eagles.jpg)
See also
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References
[edit]- ^ "The Great NAVA Flag Survey of 2001" (PDF). North American Vexillological Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 19, 2022.
- ^ "Seal of the State of Illinois". State of Illinois. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
- ^ a b Bartlett, Mabel Lane; John E. Grinnell (1967). "Illinois: know your state: [a text workbook]". Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p. ii. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Illinois Handbook of Government: 2007-2008" (PDF). Secretary of State of Illinois. March 31, 2007. p. 135. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f Schock, Barbara (May 12, 2007). "Park Lawrence, Mother of the Illinois Flag". The Zephyr. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012.
- ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ "Official State Flag". Illinois Facts. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010.
- ^ "Illinois Anniversary Flags (U.S.)". Flags of the World. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
- ^ Valentin Poposki (January 27, 2009). "Illinois Anniversary Flags: Sesquicentennial flag". Flags of the World. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
- ^ Lazare, Lewis (January 12, 2017). "Illinois unveils new logo for a big birthday". Chicago Business Journal. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
- ^ Sepeda-Miller, Kiannah (January 12, 2017). "Illinois prepares to celebrate 200 years with new state logo". The State Journal-Register. Springfield. Associated Press. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
- ^ Wyatt, Rick (January 2018). "Illinois Anniversary Flags (U.S.)". Flags of the World. FOTW. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
- ^ Neveau, James (March 23, 2023). "Senate Approves Commission to Explore New Illinois State Flag". NBC Chicago. Chicago. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
- ^ IN May 2023, the Illinois house approved the same bill, and in August 2023, Governor Pritzker signed the bill into law.
- ^ Neveau, James (March 23, 2023). "Senate Approves Commission to Explore New Illinois State Flag". NBC Chicago. Chicago. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
- ^ Koval, Andy (August 28, 2024). "Illinois opens contest to redesign state flag". WGN TV News. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
- ^ Illinois Flag Commission (Illinois Office of the Secretary of State). "New State Flag Design Contest". Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ Ackerman, Tom (October 31, 2024). "Nearly 5,000 designs submitted for new Illinois state flag. What happens next?".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e f Illinois Flag Commission (Illinois Office of the Secretary of State) (December 10, 2024). "TOP 10 FINALISTS - New State Flag Design Contest" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Illinois Statehouse - Fourth Floor". www.ilstatehouse.com. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
Further reading
[edit]- "The Great Seal of the State of Illinois". Illinois.gov. Archived from the original on September 26, 2014.
- "Illinois State Flag". Illinois.gov. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010.
- Whitlock, Brand (January 1913). "Great Seal of Illinois: First Complete History of the State Symbol". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 5 (4): 435–450.
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