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Islamic Action Front

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Islamic Action Front
جبهة العمل الإسلامي
LeaderHamza Mansour
Hamam Saeed
Founded8 December 1992
HeadquartersAmman
IdeologyIslamism
ReligionSunni Islam
International affiliationMuslim Brotherhood
Colours  Green
Chamber of Deputies
31 / 138
Senate
0 / 65
Website
IAF official website

The Islamic Action Front (IAF; Arabic: جبهة العمل الإسلامي, romanized: Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islami) is an Islamist political party in Jordan. It is the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan.

Founded in 1992 with 350 members, Ahmed Azaida, Ishaq Al-Farhan and Abdul Latif Arabiyat were the main force behind the formation.[1]

Sheikh Hamza Mansour is the chief of the IAF and has declared the organization's intentions as wanting "to be treated as free men" and as wanting "relations with the US based on mutual respect", while questioning the US administration's motives in the Middle East and around the world.[1]

History

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The IAF's support base is composed largely of Jordanians of Palestinian descent, and represents one of the major opposition movements in the country. The IAF has taken an oppositional role towards Jordanian-Israeli relations. In 1997, three years after Jordan's peace accord with Israel, IAF boycotted Parliamentary elections, citing manipulation by the government.[2]

At the legislative elections, 17 June 2003, the party won 20 out of 84 seats. All other seats were won by non-partisans. The National Democratic Block did not win any seats.

During the August 2007 municipal elections, IAF withdrew their 25 candidates up for election, accusing 'the authorities of manipulating votes cast by military personnel who were taking part in municipal elections for the first time.[3]

The voter turnout for the election was a record-low 51%, but IAF still won four contests, including two mayoral races.[citation needed]

Four months later, the IAF fielded 22 candidates for the Jordanian national elections held on November 20, 2007. Of its 22 candidates, only six won parliamentary seats in the elections, marking the lowest showing of the Islamist party since the resumption of parliamentary life in Jordan in 1989.

The IAF attributed its loss to the government overlooking illegal practices such as vote buying, the transfer of large numbers of votes, and inserting large numbers of voting cards in ballot boxes[4] Nevertheless, a few days after the election, the Muslim Brotherhood (the social organization that informs the IAF's platform and whose political branch the IAF is considered to be) dissolved its Shura Council and started preparing for internal elections to take place within six months.

In 2009, the deputy secretary of the party declared that the Pope was not welcome in the kingdom after plans were announced for Pope Benedict XVI to visit the country.[5]

In 2012, Rohile Gharaibeh, a former senior IAF official, established the Zamzam Initiative, an organization with the stated goal of ending the Brotherhood's "monopoly on Islamic discourse" and promoting a more inclusive, indigenous Islam that does not "alienate the public."[6] However, the Brotherhood's Shura Council responded by prohibiting members from interacting with the new group."[7]

In 2015, the IAF was split between reformists and nonreformists, resulting in the party terminating the membership of seven members: Abdul Majeed Thneibat, Qassem Taamneh, Mamdouh Muheisen, Khalil Askar, Ali Tarawneh, Jaber Abul Hija and Mohammad Qaramseh.[8] As a result, they formed the new Muslim Brotherhood Society, who will join the National Initiative for Building.

In December 2015, around 400 members resigned from the IAF, including Hamzeh Mansour, a former Secretary-General of the organisation.[9]

Ideology

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The Islamic Action Front has been somewhat less radical than some Islamist parties in other Middle Eastern countries since 2015.[10] The party condemns violence and terrorism. MP Dima Tahboub has expressed support for what she sees as the Palestinian right to self-defense from "Israeli aggression".[11]

Ibrahim Zeid Keilani, a former Minister of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs, served for a long time as the head of the Sharia Ulema Committee of the party.[12]

Within the IAF Abu Zant called himself the leader of the most radical section of the party.[13] He had a sizeable group of followers.[14][vague]

Electoral results

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Jordanian Parliament

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House of Representatives
Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Outcome Leader
1993
17 / 80
Decrease 5
 1st Opposition
1997 Boycotted
0 / 80
Decrease 17
2003 139,229 10.4
16 / 110
Increase 16
 1st Opposition
2007
6 / 110
Decrease 10
 1st Opposition
2010 Boycotted
0 / 110
Decrease 6
2013 Boycotted
0 / 150
–
2016 Part of National Coalition for Reform
10 / 130
Increase 10
 1st Opposition
2020 Part of National Coalition for Reform
5 / 130
Decrease 5
 1st Opposition
2024 464,350 28.34%
31 / 138
Increase 26
 1st Opposition

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Jordan's Islamic Front rallies Muslims
  2. ^ Jillian Schwedler, Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. Cambridge 2006.
  3. ^ "albawaba.com middle east news information::Jordan: Islamic opposition urges king to cancel municipal elections results". www.albawaba.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  4. ^ Jabha.net Archived 2007-07-27 at the Wayback Machine (in Arabic).
  5. ^ "Islamists To Pope: Define Your Position on Islam, Peace". Archived from the original on 2009-09-13. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  6. ^ "Down and Out in Amman: The Rise and Fall of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from the original on 2016-04-02. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  7. ^ "The Implosion of Jordan's Muslim Brotherhood". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from the original on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  8. ^ "Members of new Muslim Brotherhood society to join 'planned Zamzam political party'". Jordan Times. November 4, 2015.
  9. ^ Khetam Malkawi (31 December 2015). "Hundreds, including top leaders, abandon Islamist party". The Jordan Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  10. ^ Timreck, Sarah (13 December 2017). "The Islamist Spectrum - Jordan's Mosaic". Wilson Center. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  11. ^ "Jordanian MP: 'What you see as violence is only defending our country' | DW | 20.07.2017". Deutsche Welle.
  12. ^ "Jordanian Islamists Outraged over Saturday Day Off". Al Bawaba. 1 February 2000. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  13. ^ Lamar Smith (1 November 2001). Terrorist Threats to the United States: Congressional Hearing. DIANE Publishing. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7567-1725-4.
  14. ^ Jillian Schwedler (19 June 2006). Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–. ISBN 978-0-521-85113-8.
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