Joseph T. Buckingham
Joseph Tinker Buckingham (December 21, 1779[1][2] – April 10, 1861[2]) was an American journalist and politician in New England. He rose from humble beginnings to become an influential conservative intellectual in Boston.
Family and early life
[edit]Buckingham was born Joseph Buckingham Tinker[3] but christened Joseph Buckingham, with his mother's mother's surname, which he adopted legally in 1804.[4] He was the youngest of nine surviving children of Nehemiah Tinker, a tavern-keeper in Windham, Connecticut, descended from Thomas Tinker, one of the Pilgrim Fathers on the Mayflower.[1] Nehemiah died in 1783, ruined by the devaluing of the Continental currency he received for supplying the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.[1] Tinker's widow, Mary née Huntington, soon became destitute, until friends offered the family a home in Worthington, Massachusetts.[1]
Joseph was indentured to a farmer named Welsh, where he was kindly treated and got a basic education.[1] After his term, he worked briefly as a printer's devil at the Farmer's Museum in Walpole, New Hampshire,[1][5] before become an apprentice compositor and copy-editor at the Gazette in Greenfield, Massachusetts.[1] In 1800 he moved to Boston as a journeyman at Thomas & Andrews.[3] In 1803 he played summer stock in Salem, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island.[1] In 1805, he married Melinda Alvord; they had thirteen children.[3]
Journalism
[edit]While setting up as a master printer in Boston, Buckingham started and edited two publications: The Polyanthos, an illustrated monthly magazine, which ran from 1806 till September 1807, and 1812 to 1814;[1][6] and The Ordeal, which ran weekly from January 1809 for six months.[1] These sided with the Federalist Party.[1] He joined the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association and became chairman in 1812;[6] he was vice-president in 1830 and president in 1832.[7] In 1815, he went bankrupt, both his publishing and printing businesses being hit by the War of 1812.[6][8] The New England Galaxy and Masonic Magazine, started in 1817, was popular among the growing number of Freemasons in Boston.[1][9] The reference to Freemasonry was dropped by 1820 after a backlash.[9] The magazine supported Josiah Quincy from 1821,[10] as part of the "Middling Interest" coalition after the Panic of 1819.[11] In 1822, Quincy presided over a libel suit brought against Buckingham by John Newland Maffitt.[12][13]
On 2 March 1824, Buckingham founded the Boston Courier,[1] a daily newspaper which supported protectionism.[1] He sold his interest in the Galaxy in 1828,[1] and edited the Courier till selling out in 1848.[1] It supported the National Republicans, and later the Whig Party.[14] In 1831, he started the monthly The New-England Magazine with his son Edwin.[1] Now considered "one of antebellum America's few worthwhile literary journals",[15] its contributors included Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Edward Everett, Samuel Gridley Howe,[7] and Oliver Wendell Holmes.[16] Edwin Buckingham died in 1833, aged 23, on a voyage to Smyrna to relieve his tuberculosis.[1][15] Joseph sold the magazine in 1834 to Howe and John O. Sargent.[1] He had to mortgage his property in 1836 when business turned bad.[17]
Politics
[edit]Buckingham served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives for Boston and Cambridge[2] in 1828, 1831–1833, 1836, and 1838–39,[1] as a National Republican,[7] and later a Whig. He introduced a report in 1833 in favor of the suppression of lotteries.[1][18] He denounced the Tariff of 1833, switching his allegiance from Henry Clay to Daniel Webster.[19]
He represented Middlesex County[2] in the Massachusetts Senate in 1847–48 and 1850–51.[1] He leaned towards the Conscience Whigs but was not an outright abolitionist, though he did oppose the Fugitive Slave Law in the Compromise of 1850.[20]
Later life
[edit]After retiring from politics and journalism, Buckingham published two two-volume sets of memoirs,[1] and edited the annals of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association.
References
[edit]Primary
[edit]- Buckingham, Joseph Tinker (1852). Specimens of Newspaper Literature: with Personal Memoirs, Anecdotes, and Reminiscences. Boston: Redding & Co.
- Buckingham, Joseph Tinker (1852). Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields.
- Joseph Tinker Buckingham, ed. (1853). Annals of the Massachusetts charitable mechanic association. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
Secondary
[edit]- Crocker, Matthew H. (1999). The magic of the many: Josiah Quincy and the rise of mass politics in Boston, 1800-1830. Univ of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-222-4.
- Evert Augustus Duyckinck; George Long Duyckinck, eds. (1856). "Joseph T. Buckingham". Cyclopaedia of American literature. Vol. 2. C. Scribner. pp. 19–20.
- Howard B. Rock; Paul A. Gilje; Robert Asher, eds. (1995). American artisans: crafting social identity, 1750-1850. JHU Press. ISBN 0-8018-5029-0.
- Laurie, Bruce. ""Spavined Ministers, Lying Toothpullers, and Buggering Priests": Third-Partyism and the Search for Security in the Antebellum North". American artisans. pp. 98–120.
- Kornblith, Gary J. "Becoming Joseph T. Buckingham: The struggle for artisanal independence in Early-Nineteenth-Century Boston". American artisans. pp. 123–135.
- Mott, Frank Luther (1930). A history of American magazines. Vol. 1: 1741–1850. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-39550-6.
- "Miscellany". The Historical Magazine. 5 (7). New York: Charles B. Richardson & Co: 224. July 1861.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Cyclopaedia of American literature
- ^ a b c d Historical Magazine
- ^ a b c Kornblith, p.124
- ^ Personal Memoirs, pp.4–5
- ^ Mott, p.224
- ^ a b c Kornblith, p.125
- ^ a b c Kornblith, p.128
- ^ Crocker, p.21
- ^ a b Kornblith, p.126
- ^ Crocker, p.43
- ^ Crocker, p.84
- ^ Crocker, pp.122–3
- ^ A correct statement and review of the trial of Joseph T. Buckingham: for an alleged libel on the Rev. John N. Maffit, before the Hon. Josiah Quincy, judge of the Municipal court, Dec. 16, 1822. W.S. Spear. 1822.
- ^ Laurie, p.102
- ^ a b Cave, Alfred A. (1999). "New-England Magazine 1831-1835". In Ronald Lora, William Henry Longton (ed.). The conservative press in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century America. Historical guides to the world's periodicals and newspapers. Greenwood. p. 129. ISBN 0-313-31043-2.
- ^ "The New-England Magazine". 1831.
- ^ Kornblith, p.133
- ^ Kornblith, p.131
- ^ Peterson, Merrill D. (1982). Olive Branch and Sword: The Compromise of 1833. Walter Lynwood Fleming Lectures. LSU Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-8071-2497-4.
- ^ Morris, Thomas D. (2001). Free men all: the personal liberty laws of the North, 1780-1861. The Lawbook Exchange. p. 160. ISBN 1-58477-107-0.
External links
[edit]
- 1779 births
- 1861 deaths
- People from Windham, Connecticut
- Massachusetts Federalists
- Massachusetts Whigs
- Massachusetts state senators
- Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
- 19th-century American newspaper editors
- Politicians from Boston
- 19th-century American people
- 19th-century members of the Massachusetts General Court