Jump to content

Mullah Krekar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Najmadin Vahid Faraj Ahmad
نه‌جمه‌دین وه‌حید فه‌ره‌ج ئه‌حمه‌د
Mullah Krekar at a Rawti Shax protest against the Quran burnings in Europe
Supreme Leader of the Islamic Emirate of Byara
In office
September 2001 – 30 March 2003
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Deputies
Personal details
Born (1956-07-07) July 7, 1956 (age 68)
Sulaymaniyah, Kingdom of Iraq
SpouseRukhosh Ahmad
Children4
Military service
Allegiance Islamic Emirate of Byara
Branch/service Ansar al-Islam
Years of service2001–2003
Battles/warsIslamist insurgency in Iraqi Kurdistan

Iraq War

Najmuddin Faraj Ahmad (Kurdish: نەجمەدین فەرەج ئەحمەد, July 7, 1956),[1] better known as Mullah Krekar (Kurdish: مه‌لا کرێکار), is an Iraqi Kurdish Sunni Islamic scholar who was the founder and former leader of Ansar al-Islam. He is currently serving a prison sentence in Italy, after having been extradited from Norway in 2020.[2] He came to Norway as a refugee from Iraqi Kurdistan in 1991. His wife, Rukhosh Ahmad,[3] and his four children have Norwegian citizenship, but not Krekar himself. He speaks Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, Norwegian and English.[4]

Krekar was the original leader of the Islamist armed group Ansar al-Islam, which was set up and commenced operations in Northern Iraq while he had refugee status in Norway. Krekar claims, however, not to have had foreknowledge of the various terrorist attacks performed by the group he was leading. Since February 2003 he has an expulsion order against him, which is suspended pending Iraqi government guarantees that he will not face torture or execution. Norway is committed to international treaties which prohibit the expulsion of an individual without such a guarantee.[5]

Kurdish authorities in the Kurdistan Regional Government have repeatedly asked for Mullah Krekar to be extradited from Norway. The death penalty remains on the books in the Kurdistan region. Most death sentences have been changed into life sentences since the Kurdish authorities took power in 1992, the exception being that eleven alleged members of Ansar al-Islam were hanged in the regional capital of Erbil in October 2006. He has as of 8 December 2006 been on the UN terror list,[6] and as of 8 November 2007 been judged by the Supreme Court of Norway as a "danger to national security".[7]

On March 26, 2012, he was sentenced to 5 years in prison for making repeated death threats against Norwegian politicians and the Kurds if they pursued certain civil actions against him. He has appealed this prison sentence. The next day, March 27, 2012, he was arrested by the Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) and Norwegian Police and taken into protective custody and incarceration. This occurred after certain additional statements of a threatening nature were linked to him, suggesting that others might take retaliatory actions against Norwegians if his civil prison sentence were implemented.[8]

In 2020, he was extradited to Italy.[9] In 2022, his 12-year prison sentence was upheld when the Italian Supreme Court rejected his appeal.[10]

Early life

[edit]

Mullah Krekar joined the KDP branch of the Peshmerga in 1974. He claimed that the Kurdish resistance movement in Iraq collapsed due to the "American conspiracy" that forced Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to close Iranian borders to the Iraqi Kurds in 1975 and sign an agreement with Saddam Hussein in Algeria. He became religious during his stay in Erbil in 1975. He lived in Iran from 1982 to 1984. After failing sociology at the University of Tehran, he worked as an imam. He studied forensic sciences among Sunni scholars, and moved to Pakistan in 1985 to study. While in Iran, Mullah Krekar worked with a number of Kurds in Tehran to establish a jihadist organization against the regime of Saddam Hussein. He blamed the failure of the project on the Iranian government. He settled in Karachi, where he studied until the Halabja massacre, which led him to quit his studies and work as a relief volunteer at camps in Iran and Turkey. Krekar claimed that Taliban-affiliated jihadists in Peshawar raised over a hundred thousand dollars for those affected.[11]

He returned to Iraqi Kurdistan during the 1991 Iraqi uprisings and joined the Kurdistan Islamic Movement led by Osman Abdulaziz.[12][13][14] He became the military commander of the Kurdistan Islamic Movement until 2001 when he left it to form the Islah group, later merging with Jund al-Islam to form Ansar al-Islam. He also seized control of the Islamic Emirate of Kurdistan from the IMK.[15]

Krekar in Norway

[edit]

Proceedings against Krekar

[edit]

Krekar was born to a religious Sunni Kurdish family in the city of Sulaymaniyah in northern Iraq. In August 2002, while Krekar was in Iraq, the Norwegian government revoked his refugee status on the grounds that he had traveled back to his homeland and spent long periods there.[16]

Krekar was arrested in the Netherlands at Schiphol Airport near Amsterdam in September 2002, after Iran denied him entry and sent him back to Europe. He was interviewed by FBI agents (at Krekar's request, in an attempt to clear his and his group's name); no extradition request was made.[17] He was deported to Norway in January 2003.

In February 2003 the Norwegian government ordered Krekar to be deported to Iraq, but as of July 2009 the order had not been implemented because of the security environment in Iraq, and the risk that Krekar could face the death penalty there, as Norway will not deport people in these circumstances. Krekar has unsuccessfully challenged the expulsion order in court, with the order being confirmed in September 2005. Norway's government has said that the new government to be elected in Iraq in December 2005 might permit discussion on whether Krekar's expulsion order can be implemented.[18]

On March 21, 2003 his arrest was ordered by Økokrim, the Norwegian law enforcement agency for financial crime, to ensure he did not leave the country while accusations that he had financed terrorist attacks using Norway as a base were investigated. Court proceedings against Krekar were however dropped when it proved impossible to prove his connections with the terrorist attacks staged in Iraq by Ansar al-Islam during his leadership. His term as leader ended.

The United States government has declared Ansar al-Islam a terrorist group, but Krekar denies that it was during the time he headed it, and says he no longer does. While Krekar has not been found guilty of anything, a number of his opinions have met little sympathy; he was once recorded claiming that Osama bin Laden is the "jewel in the crown of Islam".[19] and that he was proud of what Abu Musab al-Zarqawi "has done and that he has become a martyr".[20]

In September 2005 the Iraqi Justice Minister Abdel Hussein Shandal said that Krekar was wanted in Iraq and should be tried there.[21]

About the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, he said to the Norwegian media "This is a declaration of war against of our religion, our faith, and our civilization. We Muslims are ready for this."[22]

Krekar told the Kurdish magazine Awene that he wants to return to Iraq to fight openly against the Iraqi government and the coalition, but that he lacked travel documents from the Norwegian government. He confirmed to a Norwegian newspaper that he had been correctly quoted.[23] The Norwegian minister of labour and migration, Bjarne Håkon Hanssen, responded that Krekar could leave at any time and that he would be given "travel documents within the day. He'll also get money for airline tickets, taxi cab, and the whole deal. If he really wants to go, that is."[24]

On December 7, 2006, the United States Department of the Treasury designated mullah Krekar as one of five individuals providing financial support to terrorist organizations. In a statement he is accused of providing funds for Ansar al-Sunnah, an active Iraqi terror-organization descended from Ansar al-Islam. The press release states that "This designation freezes any assets the designees may have under U.S. jurisdiction and prohibits all financial and commercial transactions by any U.S. person with the designees".[25] Mullah Krekar was later that day added to the United Nations Security Council list of individuals belonging to or associated with the Al-Qaeda organization.[26] All member states of the United Nations are obliged to freeze assets and prevent entry or transit through their territories with regard to the individuals included on the list. Anders Romarheim, a researcher at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, believes that the placement of mullah Krekar on this list is a United States strategy to put pressure on Norway.[27]

On November 8, 2007, the Supreme Court of Norway ruled that Krekar is a threat to Norway's national security, thus upholding the February 2003 decision by the government to deport him to Iraq. It is still unclear when Krekar will be deported due to Iraq's death penalty laws. Some politicians asked for Krekar to be put in jail until he is deported.[28]

Threat against Mariwan Halabjaee

[edit]

In an audio file published on the Kurdish website Renesans.nu during September 2008, Krekar allegedly threatened to kill Mariwan Halabjaee, the Iraqi Kurdish author of Sex, Sharia and Women in the History of Islam, who also resided in Norway. "I swear that we will not live if you live. Either you go before us, or we go before you," said Krekar.[29] Krekar compared Halabjaee with Salman Rushdie and Ayaan Hirsi Ali.[30]

In February 2012, Krekar confirmed in the Oslo District Court that he had issued a twenty-page fatwa against Halabjaee.[31] The fatwa was sent to several hundred Islamic scholars around the world. While Krekar said he thought he might be able to "guarantee the safety" of Halabjaee, Krekar confirmed that his fatwa "implies" that it is "permissible" to kill Halabjaee in Oslo or anywhere else.[31] Krekar compared Halabjaee to Theo van Gogh, the film director who was killed by an Islamist in the Netherlands in 2004.[31]

Terrorism charges against Krekar

[edit]
Mullah Krekar at the meeting with the foreign press in Oslo where he made statements about Erna Solberg

On July 12, 2011, terrorism charges were filed against Krekar for a death threat he uttered against ex-minister Erna Solberg during a news conference in June 2010.[32]

Allegations of a U.S. plan to seize Krekar

[edit]

In 2003, agents for the CIA, including Cynthia Dame Logan and Gregory Asherleighs, were sent to Norway.[33][34][35] They arrived directly after the abduction of Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr from Milan, Italy. A few days before their arrival, Mullah Krekar's lawyer, Brynjar Meling, asked for police protection of Krekar. The Norwegian Intelligence Service admits it had knowledge of the agents' visit to Norway, and Meling confirms he had heard rumours that Krekar was to be kidnapped and transferred to Guantanamo Bay. If the operation was not approved beforehand by Norway it would have been a violation of Norwegian law. Mullah Krekar was not kidnapped. According to an article in Newsweek, a Pentagon official proposed inserting a US Navy SEAL team to engage in a "snatch rope" operation against Krekar; however, the plan was allegedly rejected because a shooting confrontation between the SEALs and Norwegian police would have triggered a diplomatic disaster between Norway and the United States.[36]

However, a week later the Los Angeles Times quoted a high ranking intelligence official who claimed that U.S. special forces were in fact inserted in a European country allied with the United States through NATO, in order to carry out a snatch operation under strikingly similar circumstances to the Krekar case. The revelation led to suspicion that the plan was in fact not cancelled, as the Pentagon had stated. According to the Norwegian newspaper Stavanger Aftenblad, which was the original source of the CIA agents' mission in Oslo, the U.S. special forces, most likely Navy SEALs, had been monitoring a "militant leader" over a period of time, and were in place ready to carry out the snatch. According to the Los Angeles Times, the Pentagon kept the allied country's government in the dark about the mission, which apparently failed or was aborted. [37]

Facebook group collecting donations for the assassination of Mullah Krekar

[edit]

In November 2007, Norwegian newspapers published the story that a Facebook group had been set up, dedicated to collecting money which would eventually go to an assassin, should one be located. The group statement started with "For the murder of Norway's enemy #1". The 28-year-old man who started the group went on to publicize not only his full name, but also a bank account number where money could be deposited. The group had approximately 400 members when Krekar's lawyer deemed the threat "serious" and said he "hoped the police would investigate the people involved".[38] The 28-year-old told Norwegian media that the statement was facetious and thus should not be taken literally.

Assassination attempt

[edit]

During the night of 24 January 2010, 3 shots were fired through one of the windows of Krekar's apartment in Oslo. The attack was investigated as an assassination attempt. Krekar's son-in-law was mildly injured by one of the bullets.[39] Kurdish groups were cited as possible or likely perpetrators.[40]

Decision to leave Norway

[edit]

In early January 2012, Krekar announced in an interview with a Kurdish online newspaper Rudaw from the Kurdish Autonomous Region that he would be leaving Norway and returning to the Kurdistan region soon, saying "My return to the Kurdistan region has become a major political issue." He also predicted that, "My death will cost Norwegian society. If, for example, Erna Solberg (Norwegian Prime Minister) throws me out of the country and I die as a result, she will suffer the same fate."[41]

Conviction for death threats

[edit]

On 26 March 2012, Krekar was sentenced to 5 years in prison for making death threats.[42] He appealed. On 26 March 2012, Krekar was re-arrested for making threats against two Kurds and the Conservative Party leader Erna Solberg.[43] On August 29, 2012, Oslo District Court tacked an additional year onto the five Mullah Krekar had been sentenced to in March 2012.[44]

Decision on appeal

[edit]

On 6 December 2012, the Court of Appeal acquitted Krekar of charges of incitement to terrorism, but found Krekar guilty of four counts of intimidation under aggravating circumstances.[45] The Court of Appeal ordered that Krekar pay 130,000 kroner in damages compensation to each of the three Kurds he threatened, and to serve two years and ten months in prison, less the 255 days he was in custody.[45]

Political advocacy

[edit]

For the 2013 Norwegian parliamentary election Krekar called on Muslims in Norway to vote for either the Labour Party, the Socialist Left Party or the Red Party. He explained that since there was not yet enough Muslims in Norway to form a separate political bloc, Muslims had many strategies in common with Norwegian leftists.[46]

Relocation

[edit]

On 20 January 2015, it was revealed that Krekar would be forcibly relocated (Norwegian: tvangsbosettes) to the village of Kyrksæterøra in Trøndelag.[47] This decision was made by the Police based on an order from the National Police Directorate.[48]

February 2015 arrest

[edit]

On 20 February 2015, it was reported that Krekar had been arrested. Krekar is quoted in this article saying that when a cartoonist "tramples on our dignity, our principles and our faith, he must die." The aforementioned article also reports that, "Krekar, who was only freed from prison late last month, was arrested Thursday night on accusations of inciting crime, police said." Therefore, the primary reason for Krekar's arrest by the Norwegian Police was the allegation that he incited crime by his statements. The article cites no other reason for Krekar's arrest.

Krekar's statements refer to the Charlie Hebdo newspaper whose cartoonists were gunned down in Paris for allegedly drawing cartoons that Kreker refers to. The attack on Charlie Hebdo in Paris was described by the French President François Hollande who said, "An act of exceptional barbarism has been committed in Paris against a newspaper. A paper, in other words, an organ of free speech."[49]

November 2015 arrest

[edit]

On 13 November 2015 it was reported that Krekar was arrested in prison[50] in Norway on 11 November "in a coordinated police swoop on Islamist militants planning attacks." He and 14 other Iraqi Kurds and one Kosovar Albanian, were "arrested in countries across Europe in collaboration with police from Italy, the UK, Norway, Finland, Germany and Switzerland."[51] The BBC reported that the raids targeted Rawti Shax, an Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant-linked jihadist network suspected to be led by Krekar.[50] According to the investigation, Krekar pledged allegiance to ISIL in 2014.[52]

November 2016 arrest

[edit]

On 23 November 2016 the Norwegian Police Security Service arrested Krekar in order to secure his extradition to Italy. 30 November 2016, it was reported that Italy had withdrawn their extradition claim, and Krekar was released from prison.[53]

July 2019 arrest

[edit]

In July 2019, it was reported that Krekar was arrested in Oslo. His arrest was requested by Italian authorities as they suspected that he has led Rawti Shax, an offshoot on Ansar al-Islam. A court in Bolzano, Italy sentenced him to 12 years in prison in absentia.[54] Italy has requested his extradition with the intent of deporting him to Iraqi Kurdistan.[55] Krekar has denied the charges against him, calling the case "fake".[56]

Italy

[edit]

He is being held at a prison in Milan (as of 2021).[57]

Rawthi Shax terrorist cell trial

[edit]

In 2019, Krekar was found to be the leader of the jihadi terrorist cell Rawthi Shax and was sentenced to 12 years in prison.[58] The guilty verdict and the sentence were upheld in a trial in Bolzano.[59]

Extradition to Italy

[edit]

On 26 March 2020, it was announced that Mullah Krekar had been extradited from Norway to Italy, where he will be sentenced to jail for leading a jihadist network.[60] His lawyer Brynjar Meling was deeply upset about this turn of events, citing his client's poor health (which include both diabetes and high blood pressure), the coronavirus pandemic in Italy and the subpar condition of the Rebibbia prison, which had recently seen both a mutiny and several deaths owing to the COVID-19 virus.[61] He [was previously] held in the Badu 'e Carros prison in Nuoro, Sardinia.[62][63]

Krekar's views

[edit]

In November 2009, controversy erupted when Krekar in an interview with the Arab television channel al-Hiwar said he wanted to establish a new Islamic Caliphate in Iraq, claiming that for Jihadists there is no legitimate state, with the exception of the Taliban-led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. For the Islamic "super-state" he wanted Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida-top Ayman al-Zawahiri or Hizb-e Islami-founder Gulbuddin Hekmatyar as leader, and other radical Islamists as leader, citing for instance Gulbuddin Hekmatyar or Ayman Al-Zawahiri as the foreign minister.[64] As a result, the Progress Party continued their call for the imprisonment of Krekar,[65] and the Labour Party stated for the first time they would form a new task force which would examine if people officially labeled as "danger to national security" could be imprisoned.[66] Azzam Tamimi who had done the interview with Krekar, also said that he felt Krekar had been treated badly by secular Kurds in Norway.[67]

Mullah Krekar is one of the major figures for Kurdish Islamists. He said he would support Kurdish independence "wholeheartedly" even though he has lost faith in Kurdish parties, but he "has no quarrel with any political party". He also stated that "many of his relatives and friends are members of Kurdish parties, the KDP, the PUK", and that he has no issues with the KDP (Kurdistan Democratic Party) or any other party. He also claimed that "three senior KDP officials, including Hoshyar Zebari, have announced that Mullah Krekar has no issues with them, and no charges against Mullah Krekar.[68]

In May 2019, due to increased tensions between the United States and Iran, Krekar stated in a war between the two he would support Iran saying it was like supporting Hezbollah in a war between them and Israel, despite Hezbollah and Iran being Shiite and actively fighting Sunni groups in Iraq and Syria.[69]

[edit]

In November 2007, Mullah Krekar was the subject of a half-hour investigative report by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC-TV) international affairs program Foreign Correspondent. The report, titled "Norwegian Jihad", was also the centrepiece of a one-hour special report on Norwegian State Television. "Norwegian Jihad" was also broadcast throughout the Asia Pacific region on ABC-TV's satellite service "Australia Network".[70]

In July 2009, Mullah Krekar was one of the subjects of the NBC's pilot episode of the show The Wanted,[71] describing him as "responsible for killing hundreds of westerners".[72]

In early 2012, the Netflix series Lillyhammer featured a scene in which a Norwegian police officer gets into an argument with an Arab immigrant over whether the show 24 is unfair to Arabs, and when his partner intercedes, he complains that the immigrant "is giving me the whole Mullah Krekar routine over here".

Bibliography

[edit]
  • (in Norwegian) (2003[73]). Med egne ord ("In My Own Words"). Autobiography. Oslo: Aschehoug. 246 pp. ISBN 82-03-22968-9. Translated from Arabic.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Islamist militant Krekar to be extradited from Norway to Italy". Reuters. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  2. ^ "Mulla Krekar – Store norske leksikon". Snl.no. Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  3. ^ "پاش ئەوەی لە مانگی ٨/ی ساڵی ١٩٨٤ دەگەڕێتەوە شاری سلێمانی، لە ٢٢/٧/١٩٨٤ژیانی ھاوسەری لەگەڵ خاتو ڕوخۆش ئەحمەد پێک دەھێنێت کە پێشتر یەکیان ناسیوەو". krekar.co. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  4. ^ "ژیاننامەی مەلا کرێکار". krekar.co.
  5. ^ Affairs, Ministry of Foreign (19 July 2009). "Conditions for the return of Mullah Krekar to Iraq remain unchanged". Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  6. ^ "mullah Krekar oppført på FNs terrorliste Archived 2012-10-11 at the Wayback Machine", VG
  7. ^ "Høyesterett: Mulla Krekar fare for rikets sikkerhet Archived 2011-06-23 at the Wayback Machine", NRK
  8. ^ "PST vil varetektsfengsle Krekar Archived 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine", Dagbladet
  9. ^ "Krekar sendt ut av landet – Frp feirer med kake Archived 2020-03-26 at the Wayback Machine", NRK. "[...] på en hasteinnkalt pressekonferanse torsdag ettermiddag. – Krekar er ikke lenger i Norge. Krekar er i dag utlevert til Italia, sa Mæland."
  10. ^ https://www.nrk.no/norge/krekar-saken-endelig-avgjort-i-italia-1.15973983. Nrk.no. Retrieved 20 May 2022
  11. ^ "الملا كريكار يروي أمام القضاء النرويجي علاقته بالقاعدة والزنداني وعمر عبدالرحمن". العربية (in Arabic). 2005-06-09. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  12. ^ Romano, David. 2007. An outline of Kurdish Islamist groups in Iraq', pp. 8-10
  13. ^ Shareef, Mohammed. 2015. 'Kurdish Islamists in Iraq: from the Muslim Brotherhood to the So-Called Islamic State: Continuity or Departure?, pp. 27-31
  14. ^ Obeid, Adel Ahmad. 2010. 'L'islamisme en mutation : Une étude pluridiscipli- naire sur la mouvance islamiste kurde, pp. 80-87
  15. ^ ”Mullah Krekar”, Society for Recognition of Famous People, Date unknown. Web. 27 July 2015; Romano, David. "An Outline of Kurdish Islamist Groups in Iraq." The Jamestown Foundation, September 2007. Web. 27 July 2015.
  16. ^ "mullah Krekar loses refugee status". Archived from the original on December 2, 2005.
  17. ^ "FBI questions Iraqi Kurd militant". 27 September 2002. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 11 December 2005 – via bbc.co.uk.
  18. ^ Associated Press Worldstream, 28 October 2005, "Norway's new government says expulsion order for Ansar al-Islam founder stands"
  19. ^ -Osama bin Laden is a good Muslim Archived 2007-01-28 at the Wayback Machine VG
  20. ^ Krekar honors al-Zarqawi Aftenposten Archived 28 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ UPI, September 13, 2005, "UPI Intelligence Watch"
  22. ^ - Now this is war Archived 2008-10-23 at the Wayback Machine TV 2
  23. ^ -Jeg vil reise hjem Archived 2008-10-23 at the Wayback Machine Dagbladet
  24. ^ "Hvis Krekar vil til Irak, skal han få reisedokumenter på dagen" Archived 2008-10-23 at the Wayback Machine Dagbladet
  25. ^ "Treasury Designations Target Terrorist Facilitators". Archived from the original on December 12, 2006.
  26. ^ "SECURITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ADDS TWO INDIVIDUALS TO AL-QAIDA SECTION OF CONSOLIDATED LIST - Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". Archived from the original on 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
  27. ^ Krekar tops US terrorist list Aftenposten Archived 13 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ Krekar Can Go Aftenposten Archived 9 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Renesans.nu - Mariwan Halabjaee Threatened by Mullah Krekar on YouTube
    *Kristian Aale (27 Sep 2008). "Mener forfatter fortjener dødsstraff". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    *Martine Aurdal, Tore Gjerstad (27 September 2008). "Krekar drapstruet meg". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    *"Krekar hardt ut mot forfatter". Namdalsavisa.no. 27 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    *"Krekar mener forfatter fortjener dødsstraff - Vi forbyr oss selv livet dersom du lever". VG.no. 27 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  30. ^ Kristian Aale (27 Sep 2008). "Mener forfatter fortjener dødsstraff". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    *Martine Aurdal, Tore Gjerstad (27 September 2008). "Krekar drapstruet meg". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    *"Krekar hardt ut mot forfatter". Namdalsavisa.no. 27 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
    *"Krekar mener forfatter fortjener dødsstraff - Vi forbyr oss selv livet dersom du lever". VG.no. 27 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  31. ^ a b c Harald S. Klungtveit (17 February 2012). "Jeg frykter hele tida at noen skal komme bakfra og drepe meg". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
    *Eivind Fondenes (23 February 2012). "Jeg kommer til å halshugge deg, uansett hvor du er". TV2.no. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
    *Kjell Persen (28 February 2012). "Vil ha fem års fengsel for Krekar". TV2.no. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
    *Eivind Fondenes (25 February 2012). "Denne koranbrenningen fikk Krekar til å utstede fatwa mot to kurdere". TV2.no. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
    *Anders Brekke (17 February 2012). "Avsa dødsdom mot forfatter". NRK.no. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
    *Lilla Puddel (17 February 2012). "Krekar utsteder dødsdommer". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  32. ^ "PST vil ha Krekar tiltalt for terrortrusler – VG". Vg.no. 2011-01-20. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  33. ^ Jonathan Tisdall (2006-07-24). "Suspect CIA agents were in Norway". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
  34. ^ KRISTJAN Molstad (2006-07-24). "Miles revealed CIA agents". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2009-03-07. translation, mirror
  35. ^ "Norwegian intelligence knew of CIA agents". Aftenposten. 2006-08-01. Archived from the original on 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2009-03-07. translation, mirror
  36. ^ Michael Isikoff, Mark Hosenball (2006-12-13). "Hitting the Pocketbook". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
  37. ^ Jan-Petter Helgesen (2006-12-21). "Amerikanske soldater på spionjakt i Norge". Stavanger Aftenblad. Archived from the original on 2007-01-02. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  38. ^ Taking donations for the assassination of Krekar Archived 2007-11-21 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten
  39. ^ Politiet etterforsker Krekar-angrep som drapsforsøk Archived 2010-01-28 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten 2010-01-25.
  40. ^ Akerhaug, Lars (25 January 2010). "- Kurdiske grupper kan stå bak Krekar-angrep". Aftneposten. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
  41. ^ Fiery Muslim leader to leave Norway Archived 2012-01-30 at the Wayback Machine, spacewar.com, 5 January 2012, accessed 6 January 2012
  42. ^ "Norway: Cleric Sentenced for Threats". The New York Times. Associated Press. 27 March 2012. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
    *Gunnar Hult Green (27 March 2012). "PST ønsker å ha ham sittende bak lås og slå til lagmannsrettssaken". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  43. ^ Gunnar Hult Green (27 March 2012). "PST ønsker å ha ham sittende bak lås og slå til lagmannsrettssaken". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  44. ^ "Norwegian court convicts Islamic cleric of online death threats, gives him 1 year in prison". the Associated Press. August 29, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  45. ^ a b Svend Ole Kvilesjø , Lene Li Dragland (6 December 2012). "Mullah Krekar fikk redusert straff i lagmannsretten". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  46. ^ "Mullah Krekar: - Stem på Ap, SV eller Rødt" Archived 2015-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. VG. 28 August 2013.
  47. ^ Verdens Gang: Tidligere langrennsstjerne: – Vi skal ta Krekar godt imot Archived 2015-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
  48. ^ Politi.no: Instruks om oppholdssted/meldeplikt Archived 2015-01-21 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ "François Hollande condemns 'cowardly' attack on satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo". euronews. January 7, 2015. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
  50. ^ a b "Jihadist cell in Europe 'sought recruits for Iraq and Syria.'" Archived 2016-04-18 at the Wayback Machine BBC News Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  51. ^ "15 Islamist Kurds suspected of planning attacks arrested across Europe" Archived 2015-11-15 at the Wayback Machine. Rudaw Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  52. ^ "Slik styrte Krekar terrornettverket". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  53. ^ "Mulla Krekar arrested - may be extradited to Italy". NRK (in Norwegian). 24 November 2016. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2018. (machine translation Archived 2021-12-17 at the Wayback Machine)
  54. ^ "Mullah Krekar arrested in Norway - English". ANSA.it. July 16, 2019. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  55. ^ Corporation, Nalia. "Italy submits request that Norway extradite Mullah Krekar". www.nrttv.com. Archived from the original on 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  56. ^ "Norway holds Muslim cleric for 4 weeks after Italy trial - SFGate". Archived from the original on 2019-08-16. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
  57. ^ "Innsamlede penger terror-frosset: Krekar får ikke betalt italiensk advokat – NRK Norge – Oversikt over nyheter fra ulike deler av landet". Nrk.no. 13 May 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  58. ^ "Il Mullah Krekar condannato a 12 anni per terrorismo - TGR Bolzano". TGR. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-08-04.
  59. ^ "Mullah Krekar convictions upheld (6) - English Service". ANSA.it. 2020-07-10. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-08-04.
  60. ^ "Norway extradites Kurdish Islamist preacher to Italy". www.rudaw.net. Rudaw Media Network. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  61. ^ Zondag, M. H. W.; Døvik, O.; Ingebrethsen, C. (26 March 2020). "Krekars forsvarer: «Hit sendte Norge i dag en 63-åring med diabetes og høyt blodtrykk"". NRK Nyheter (in Norwegian Bokmål). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  62. ^ van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (2020-07-11). "Italian court upholds 12-year sentence for Kurdish Islamist cleric". www.kurdistan24.net. Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  63. ^ Garza, Victoria (1 July 2020). "Mulla Krekar transferred to prison in Sardinia". norwaytoday.info. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  64. ^ "Krekar vil ha islamsk stat ledet av Osama bin Laden Archived 2009-11-27 at the Wayback Machine"
  65. ^ "Siv Jensen om Krekar-intervju: - Hårreisende uttalelser Archived 2009-11-28 at the Wayback Machine", VG
  66. ^ "Krekar kan bli satt bak lås og slå til våren Archived 2009-11-29 at the Wayback Machine", VG
  67. ^ "Krekar-intervjuer: - Han har blitt behandlet dårlig Archived 2009-11-28 at the Wayback Machine", VG
  68. ^ Mahmud Yasin Kurdi (29 September 2016). "Time has come to break from Iraq, says radical Kurdish cleric Mulla Krekar". rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  69. ^ "Kurdish Islamist cleric says he would support Iran if war breaks out with US". Kurdistan24. Archived from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  70. ^ "Norwegian Jihad". ABC. Archived from the original on 2009-09-16. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  71. ^ "DIRECTV Satellite TV - Official Site - 1-800-490-4388". Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  72. ^ "NBCNews.com Video Player". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  73. ^ Nyfløt, Hilda (November 17, 2011). "- Krekar vil framstå som julenissen". Dagbladet.no. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Mullah Krekar.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.eso.workers.dev/w/index.php?title=Mullah_Krekar&oldid=1263707876"