Timeline of Johannesburg
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province in South Africa.
19th century
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- 1886 – Johannesburg township established by Boer government after discovery of gold in vicinity.[1][2]
- 1887
- 1888 – St Mary's School was founded.
- 1890
- Library opens.[7]
- Jeppe High School for Boys was founded.
- 1891
- 1892 – Prison built.
- 1895 – Railway in operation.[4]
- 1896
- January: Uprising against Boer government.[4]
- 19 February: Braamfontein Explosion.
- 1897
- Johannesburg Park station opens.
- Johan Zulch de Villiers becomes the first mayor.
- 1898 – St John's College was founded.
- 1899 – Fort built.
- 1900 – 31 May: Town captured by British forces during the Second Boer War.[1][4]
20th century
[edit]1900s–1950s
[edit]- 1902
- King Edward VII School was founded.
- St. Andrew's School for Girls was founded.
- 1903
- Johannesburg Stock Exchange building constructed.[2]
- Observatory built near town.[4]
- Sophiatown developed.[8]
- Roedean School for Girls was founded.
- 1904
- Johannesburg Zoo and Transvaal Technical Institute established.[4]
- April: Brickfields burned.
- Drill Hall built.[1]
- Population: 99,022.[4]
- 1905
- 1906
- Electric trams begin operating.[4]
- Sunday Times newspaper begins publication.
- Meeting of the Municipal Associations of South Africa held in Johannesburg.
- 1907 – Redhill School was founded.
- 1908 – Population: 180,687.[4]
- 1919 – Jeppe High School for Girls was founded.
- 1920 – Parktown Boys' High School was founded.
- 1921 – Helpmekaar Kollege was founded.
- 1922
- University of the Witwatersrand incorporated.
- January–March: Miner's strike.[10]
- 1923 – Parktown High School for Girls was founded.
- 1925 – Technikon Witwatersrand established.
- 1927 – Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra founded.[11]
- 1928
- Johannesburg gains city status.[1]
- Ellis Park Stadium was opened.
- 1929 – South African Institute of Race Relations headquartered in city.[citation needed]
- 1931 – Airport opens in Germiston.
- 1933 – Kingsmead College was founded.
- 1935 – Johannesburg City Library building opens.[7]
- 1936 – 15 September: The Empire Exhibition, South Africa World's Fair opens[12]
- 1937 – 15 January: The Empire Exhibition, South Africa closes.
- 1941 – St David's Marist, Inanda was founded.
- 1942 – Springbok Legion's Fighting Talk begins publication.[13]
- 1944 – Hoërskool Florida was founded.
- 1946 – Population: 603,470 city; 762,910 urban agglomeration.[14]
- 1948 – Polly Street Centre founded.[15]
- 1950 – Springbok Radio begins broadcasting.
- 1951
- Drum magazine begins publication.[15]
- Population: 631,911 city; 884,007 urban agglomeration.[14]
- Waverley High School for Girls was founded.
- 1952 – Jan Smuts Airport established in Kempton Park.
- 1953 – St Stithians College was founded.
- 1956
- December: Treason Trial begins.
- Purple Renoster literary magazine begins publication.[16]
- 1957 – 1957 Alexandra bus boycott.[17]
- 1958 – St Benedict's College was founded.
1960s–1990s
[edit]- 1960
- 21 March: Sharpeville massacre.
- Johannesburg Planetarium opens.
- 1961
- City becomes part of the Republic of South Africa.
- Greenside High School was founded.
- 1962 – Sentech Tower built.
- 1963
- 11 July: The arrest of Umkhonto we Sizwe high commanders known as Rivonia Trialist.
- 11 August: Four of the defendants who had been arrested on July 11, at the Liliesleaf Farm near Johannesburg, were able to escape their South African jail after a bribe was promised to their guard by the ANC.[18][19]
- Classic magazine begins publication.
- 1964
- July: The arrest of Umkhonto we Sizwe high commanders known as Little Rivonia Trialist.
- Johannesburg Botanical Garden established.
- 1966 – Rand Afrikaans University founded.[20]
- 1968 – Bryanston High School was founded.
- 1969
- Hyde Park Corner (shopping centre) in business.
- Northcliff High School was founded.
- 1970
- Tollman Towers and Trust Bank Building constructed.
- Population: 654,682 city; 1,432,643 urban agglomeration.[21]
- 1971 – Hillbrow Tower built.
- 1973 – Marble Towers, Carlton Centre, and Sandton City shopping centre built.
- 1974 – Beeld newspaper begins publication.
- 1975 – Ponte City Apartments built.[22]
- 1976
- 16 June: Soweto uprising.[9]
- Market Theatre opens.[23]
- 1978 – Staffrider literary magazine begins publication.[24]
- 1980
- 1981 – The Sowetan newspaper begins publication.
- 1982
- City Press newspaper begins publication.
- Afrapix active.[24]
- 1984
- 3 September: Sharpeville Six
- 11 Diagonal Street built.
- 1985
- Weekly Mail newspaper begins publication.
- Mormon Temple dedicated.
- Population: 632,369 city; 1,609,408 urban agglomeration.[26]
- 1987 – Water Institute of Southern Africa headquartered in city.[27]
- 1988 – 31 August: Bombing of Khotso House.
- 1989
- Soccer City stadium opens.
- Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation established.[27]
- 1991 – Population: 712,507 city; 1,916,061 metro.[26][28]
- 1992
- Johannesburg Stadium opens.
- Centre for Policy Studies headquartered in Johannesburg.[27][29]
- 1994
- 28 March: Shooting at Shell House.[30]
- City becomes seat of the new Gauteng province.
- South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance established.
- 1995
- Gallagher Convention Centre opens.
- Centre for Development and Enterprise headquartered in Johannesburg.[31]
- Johannesburg Biennale art exhibit begins.[15]
- 1996
- 3 February: 1996 Africa Cup of Nations Final football contest played in Johannesburg.
- Population: 752,349 city.[32]
- 1997
- MTN Sundrome opens.
- Flag of Johannesburg revised design adopted.
- 1998 – Website Joburg.org.za launched.[33]
- 1998 – St Peter's College was founded.
- 1999 – September: 1999 All-Africa Games held in city.
- 2000
- City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Johannesburg City Parks created.
- Stoned Cherrie in business.[34]
- Population: 2,732,000 (urban agglomeration).[35]
21st century
[edit]
2000s
[edit]- 2001
- Amos Masondo becomes mayor.[36]
- Monash University, South Africa campus established.
- Population: 3,226,055.[37]
- 2002
- Soweto becomes part of city.
- City hosts Earth Summit 2002.
- 2003 – Nelson Mandela Bridge built.
- 2004
- Constitutional Court of South Africa building opens in Constitution Hill.
- Drill Hall rebuilt.
- Creative Commons South Africa headquartered at University of the Witwatersrand.[2]
- 2005
- University of Johannesburg established.
- 2 July: Live 8 concert.
- Population: 3,272,000 (urban agglomeration).[35]
- 2008
- Joburg Art Fair begins.[15]
- Google office in business.[38][39]
- Species Australopithecus sediba discovered near Johannesburg.
- 2009
- 28 June: 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Final football contest played in Johannesburg.
2010s
[edit]- 2010 – 11 July: 2010 FIFA World Cup Final held.
- 2011
- Parks Tau becomes mayor.[40]
- Air pollution in Johannesburg reaches annual mean of 41 PM2.5 and 85 PM10, more than recommended.[41]
- Population: 4,434,827.[37]
- 2013
- 10 February: 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final football contest played in Johannesburg.
- 5 December: Nelson Mandela dies in Johannesburg.
- 2015 – October: #FeesMustFall protest.[42]
- 2016 – 22 August: Herman Mashaba becomes mayor
- 2016 – Mduduzi Edmund Tshabalala died in Johannesburg
- 2016 – October: #FeesMustFall protest revival.
- 2018 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died in Johannesburg.
- 2018 – International 10th BRICS summit held at Sandton Convention Centre.
- 2018 – 24 October: Jabulani Tsambo died in Johannesburg
2020s
[edit]- 2021
- 9 July 2021: Geoff Makhubo dies.
- 10 August 2021: Jolidee Matongo becomes mayor.
- 18 September 2021: Jolidee Matongo dies from a car accident
- 2023
- 19 July 2023: Gas explosion destroys road in downtown.[43]
See also
[edit]- History of Johannesburg
- Mayor of Johannesburg
- City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
- Timelines of other cities in South Africa: Cape Town, Durban, Gqeberha, Pietermaritzburg, Pretoria
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Webster's Geographical Dictionary, US: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
- ^ a b H.T. Montague Bell; C. Arthur Lane (1905). Guide to the Transvaal. Johannesburg Reception Committee.
- ^ "Johannesburg (South Africa) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Britannica 1910.
- ^ "South Africa". International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market. Fitzroy Dearborn. 1999. p. 964. ISBN 978-1-884964-35-0.
- ^ a b Jaques Malan (2005). "Opera Houses in South Africa". In Christine Lucia (ed.). World of South African Music: A Reader. Cambridge Scholars Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-904303-36-7.
- ^ a b R.F. Kennedy (1968). "Johannesburg Public Library". Journal of Library History. 3.
- ^ Rough Guide 2012.
- ^ a b Schmitz 2004.
- ^ Murchú 2007.
- ^ Christine Lucia, ed. (2005). World of South African Music: A Reader. Cambridge Scholars Press. ISBN 978-1-904303-36-7.
- ^ "Lexicon – Empire Exhibition". Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ Les Switzer, ed. (1997). South Africa's Alternative Press: Voices of Protest and Resistance, 1880–1960. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55351-3.
- ^ a b "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ^ a b c d e "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Lionel Abrahams (1980). "Purple Renoster: An Adolescence". English in Africa. 7 (2): 32–49. JSTOR 40238472.
- ^ "Global Nonviolent Action Database". Pennsylvania, US: Swarthmore College. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ Nelson Mandela, Conversations with Myself (Random House Digital, 2010)
- ^ Gideon Shimoni, Community and Conscience: The Jews in Apartheid South Africa (University Press of New England, 2003) p67
- ^ Jacqueline Audrey Kalley; et al. (1999). Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30247-3.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Demolition dreams: the world's 'worst' buildings", Financial Times, 31 October 2014
- ^ Kruger 2001.
- ^ a b "Afrapix timeline 1978–1991". South African History Online. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Barchiesi 2007.
- ^ a b "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
- ^ a b c "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ "South Africa". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.
- ^ "Introduction". Centre for Policy Studies. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ Roger B. Beck (2013). "Timeline of Historical Events". History of South Africa. Greenwood Histories of Modern Nations (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-527-5.
- ^ "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ^ "Joburg.org.za". City of Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 12 December 1998 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Michaela Alejandra Oberhofer (2012), "Fashioning African Cities: The Case of Johannesburg, Lagos and Douala", Streetnotes, 20 (20), ISSN 2159-2926 – via California Digital Library
- ^ a b The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
- ^ "Mayor". City of Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Statistics by Place: City of Johannesburg". Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ "Google Africa Blog". July 2008 – via Blogspot.
- ^ "Company: Locations". Google Inc. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013.
- ^ "South African mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ South African students continue fees protest, BBC News, 26 October 2015
- ^ "One dead, 41 injured in suspected gas explosion in South Africa". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
Bibliography
[edit]Published in 20th century
[edit]- A. Samler Brown; G. Gordon Brown, eds. (1906), "Johannesburg", Guide to South Africa (14th ed.), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 431–432.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). 1922. p. 659.
- G.-M Van der Waal (1987), From mining camp to metropolis: the buildings of Johannesburg, 1886–1940, Pretoria: C. van Rensburg Publications for the Human Sciences Research Council, ISBN 0868460494
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Johannesburg". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. ISBN 1884964036.
- Musiker, 2000. A Concise Historical Dictionary of Greater Johannesburg, Francolin Pubs., Cape Town, South Africa.
Published in 21st century
[edit]- 2000s
- Loren Kruger (2001). "Theatre, Crime, and the Edgy City in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg". Theatre Journal. 53 (2): 223–252. doi:10.1353/tj.2001.0050. JSTOR 25068913. S2CID 190702059.
- Jo Beall; et al. (2002), Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg, Earthscan Publications Ltd., ISBN 9781853839214
- People Behind the Walls: Insecurity, Identity and Gate Communities in Johannesburg, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network
- Okwui Enwezor, ed. (2002). Under Siege: Four African Cities, Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz. ISBN 978-3-7757-9090-1.
Documenta11
+ website - Gardner Khumalo; et al. (2003), Alternative service delivery arrangements at municipal level in South Africa: Assessing the impact of service delivery and customer satisfaction in Johannesburg, Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies
- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Johannesburg, South Africa". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- Lindsay Bremner (2004). Johannesburg: One City, Colliding Worlds. Johannesburg.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Owen Crankshaw and Susan Parnell (2004). "Johannesburg". In Josef Gugler (ed.). World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521830036.
- "City of Hope, City of Fear: Johannesburg", National Geographic, vol. 205, Washington DC, 2004
- Christian M. Rogerson (2004). "Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism". GeoJournal. 60 (3): 249–257. doi:10.1023/B:GEJO.0000034732.58327.b6. JSTOR 41147888. S2CID 153867127.
- Christopher Schmitz (2004). "Johannesburg". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
- Lindsay Bremner (2005). "Remaking Johannesburg". In Stephen Read; et al. (eds.). Future: City. UK: Spon Press. ISBN 0415284503.
- Ivor Chipkin (2005). "The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives on Johannesburg". African Studies Review. 48 (2): 87–109. doi:10.1353/arw.2005.0054. JSTOR 20065097.
- Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Johannesburg". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- S.B. Bekker and Anne Leildé, ed. (2006). Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. South Africa: African Minds. ISBN 978-1-920051-40-2. (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)
- Franco Barchiesi (2007). "Privatization and the Historical Trajectory of 'Social Movement Unionism': A Case Study of Municipal Workers in Johannesburg, South Africa". International Labor and Working-Class History. 71 (71): 50–69. doi:10.1017/S0147547907000336. JSTOR 27673070. S2CID 145433168.
- Niall Ó. Murchú (2007). "Split Labor Markets and Ethnic Violence after World War I: A Comparison of Belfast, Chicago, and Johannesburg". Comparative Politics. 39 (4): 379–400. JSTOR 20434051.
- Sarah Nuttall, Achille Mbembe, ed. (2008). Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822381211.
- Martin J. Murray (2008). "The city in fragments: kaleidoscopic Johannesburg after apartheid". In Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse (ed.). Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0.
- 2010s
- Abdou Maliq Simone (2012). "People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg". In Kerstin Pinther; et al. (eds.). Afropolis: City Media Art. Jacana Media. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4314-0325-7.
- Johannesburg and Pretoria. Rough Guides. 2012. ISBN 978-1-4093-1492-9.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johannesburg.
- "Johannesburg Timeline 1800–1991". South African History Online.
- "Registry: (Johannesburg)". Archivalplatform.org. Rondebosch. (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
- "(Johannesburg)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access
articles) - "(Johannesburg)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Johannesburg)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Johannesburg)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
- "(Johannesburg)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Johannesburg)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Johannesburg, South Africa". BlackPast.org. US.
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