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2024 South Korean legislative election

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2024 South Korean legislative election
← 2020 10 April 2024 2028 →
All 300 seats in the National Assembly
151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout66.97% (Increase0.77pp; Const. votes)
66.99% (Increase0.78pp; PR votes)
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Lee Jae-myung Han Dong-hoon Cho Kuk
Party Democratic People Power[d] Rebuilding Korea
Alliance Democratic Alliance[a] — —
Last election 180 seats[b] 103 seats[e] Did not exist
Seats won 173[c] 108 12
Seat change Decrease 7 Increase 5 New
Constituency vote 15,075,279 13,179,769 –
% and swing 51.57% (Increase1.66 pp) 45.08% (Increase3.62 pp) –
Regional vote 7,567,459 10,395,264 6,874,278
% and swing 26.70% (Decrease6.66pp) 36.67% (Increase2.83pp) 24.25% (New)
Results of the election.
Speaker before election

Kim Jin-pyo
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Woo Won-shik
Democratic

This article is part of a series on
Politics of South Korea
Government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
Korean conflict

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 10 April 2024. All 300 members of the National Assembly were elected, 254 from first-past-the-post constituencies and 46 from proportional party lists.[1][2] The two largest parties, the liberal Democratic Party and the conservative People Power Party, once again set up satellite parties to take advantage of the electoral system.

The election served as a "mid-term evaluation" for the administration of President Yoon Suk-yeol as it approached its third year. Additionally, there was significant interest in whether the ruling party could surpass the constraints of the ruling coalition, which did not secure a majority in the previous general election, and gain the necessary momentum to govern effectively during the remainder of its term.[3]

The election saw opposition parties, primarily the Democratic Party, retain their majority in the National Assembly.[4] The new legislators would have their first meeting on 30 May.[5]

Background

[edit]

Redistricting

[edit]

On 28 February 2024, the ruling and opposition parties reached a consensus to redraw the electoral districts.[6] Subsequently, the National Assembly's plenary session passed an amendment to the Public Offices Election Act, resulting in the reformation of the electoral districts. In comparison to the 21st National Assembly elections, there was an increase of one constituency, bringing the total to 254, while the seats for proportional representation decreased by one, totaling 46.[7]

Electoral system

[edit]
See also: Elections in South Korea and Legislative elections in South Korea

The National Assembly's 300 seats were elected by the parallel voting:[8][9]

The minimum voting age is set at 18.

Campaign

[edit]

The election was held amid several political and socioeconomic issues in South Korea such as corruption, with President Yoon Suk-yeol of the People Power Party facing criticism over the handling of issues involving his wife and a former minister, and party leaders such as the Democratic Party's Lee Jae-myung and Rebuilding Korea Party's Cho Kuk facing trials for bribery and forgery respectively,[10] as well as rising inflation and the ongoing doctors' strike.[11] One major talking point was an incident on 18 March when President Yoon visited a grocery store in Seoul to check consumer prices and describing the 875-won ($0.65) price of a green onion he found as reasonable, only for it to emerge that the onions were being sold at a discount and that the true price of onions was three to four times higher. The incident led to opposition candidates bringing out green onions at campaign rallies and the hashtag #greenonions875won becoming a trending topic on social media throughout the election. In response, the National Election Commission banned voters from bringing green onions to polling stations, citing concerns over "election interference". This was in turn, widely ridiculed and led to an increase in demand for green onion-themed merchandise.[12]

On 27 October 2023 the Justice Party and Green Party announced their intention to form an electoral alliance and invited other left-wing parties to participate.[13] This move was heavily criticized by Justice Party deputies Jang Hye-young and Ryu Ho-jeong, as well as former Justice Party Youth Committee Chair Kim Chang-in; all three believe that the Justice Party should form electoral alliances not by ideology, but with any "third zone" party opposed to the Democratic and People Power parties.[14]

On 2 January 2024 Lee Jae-myung was stabbed in an assassination attempt while visiting the construction site of an airport in Gadeokdo, Busan.[15] He was later criticised for using a sexually derogative term to describe People Power Party politician Na Kyung-won during a criticism of her pro-Japanese views.[16]

On 15 January 2024 the Green Party and Justice Party announced a left-wing election coalition called the "Green-Justice Party."[17] On the same day, Basic Income Party leader Yong Hye-in announced a pro-Democrat electoral coalition to counter the People Power Party.[18]

Throughout the campaign the People Power Party argued that President Yoon's government has been unable to push its reform agenda forward since taking office in 2022 due to an uncooperative National Assembly controlled by the opposition, while the Democratic Party described Yoon's administration as "incompetent", accusing it of causing a socioeconomic downturn and mishandling several controversial issues. The Rebuilding Korea Party campaigned for an early end to Yoon's presidency,[19] with Cho Kuk pledging to turn Yoon into "first a lame duck, then a dead duck".[20]

Political parties

[edit]
See also: List of political parties in South Korea
Parties Leader Ideology Seats Status
Last election Before election
Democratic Party Lee Jae-myung Liberalism
178 / 300
[f]
156 / 300
[g] 		Opposition
3 / 300
[h]
People Power Party Han Dong-hoon Conservatism
103 / 300
[i]
114 / 300
[j] 		Government
3 / 300
[k]
1 / 300
[l]
Green–Justice Party Kim Jun-woo Progressivism
6 / 300
6 / 300
 Opposition
New Future Party Lee Nak-yon Centrist reformism Did not exist
5 / 300
New Reform Party Lee Jun-seok Conservatism[21] Did not exist
4 / 300
Progressive Party Yoon Hee-suk Left-wing nationalism
0 / 300
1 / 300
Liberal Unification Party Chang Kyung-dong Anti-communism
0 / 300
1 / 300
 Government
Rebuilding Korea Party Cho Kuk Liberalism Did not exist
1 / 300
 Opposition

Candidates

[edit]
Electoral symbol Parties Candidates
Constituency Proportional Constituency (254) Proportional (46)
1 — Democratic Party
245 / 254
 —
2 — People Power Party
254 / 254
 —
— 3 Democratic Alliance of Korea —
30 / 46
— 4 People Future Party —
35 / 46
5 Green–Justice Party
17 / 254
14 / 46
6 New Future Party
28 / 254
11 / 46
7 New Reform Party
43 / 254
10 / 46
7 or 8 8 Liberal Unification Party
10 / 254
18 / 46
7 or 8 — Progressive Party
21 / 254
 —
— 9 Rebuilding Korea Party —
25 / 46

Lawmakers not standing for re-election

[edit]

By 14 February 2024, a total of 16 current members of the National Assembly had announced their intention not to stand for re-election.

Number of lawmakers' retirements by party affiliation
Party Lawmakers retiring
Elected[m] Current
Democratic 13 10
People Power 4 2
Independent 0 3
New Future 0 1
Total 16
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
MP Seat First elected Party Date Announced
Woo Sang-ho Seodaemun A 2004 Democratic 13 December 2020[22]
Oh Yeong-hwan Gyeonggi Uijeongbu A 2020 New Future 10 April 2023[23]
Ha Young-je Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong 2020 Independent 24 May 2023[24]
Kim Nam-kuk Ansan Danwon B 2020 Independent 22 August 2023[25]
Park Byeong-seug Seo A 2000 Democratic 6 November 2023[26]
Kang Min-jung Proportional 2020 Democratic 15 November 2023[27]
Chang Je-won Sasang 2008 People Power Party 12 December 2023[28]
Lee Tahney Yongin D 2020 Democratic 13 December 2023[29]
Hong Sung-kook Sejong A 2020 Democratic 13 December 2023[30]
Kim Jin-pyo Suwon E 2004 Independent (Incumbent Speaker) 4 January 2024[31]
Kim Woong Songpa A 2020 People Power Party 8 January 2024[32]
Kim Min-ki Yongin B 2012 Democratic 19 January 2024[33]
Lim Jong-seong Gwangju B 2016 Democratic
Kim Hong-gul Proportional 2020 Democratic 22 January 2024[34]
Choi Jong-yoon Hanam 2020 Democratic 22 January 2024[35]
In Jae-keun Dobong A 2012 Democratic 14 February 2024[35]
Lee Won-wook Hwaseong B 2012 Democratic

Opinion polls

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 South Korean legislative election
7 day moving average curve of the polling for the constituency vote with a 7-day average bar chart.
7 day moving average curve of the polling for the proportional vote with a 7-day average bar chart.

Conduct

[edit]

Early voting opened on 5 April and lasted until 7 April. Among those who cast their votes early were People Power Party leader Han Dong-hoon, who voted in Seoul, and Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung, who voted in Daejeon.[36] At least 13.8 million voters participated in early voting,[12] equivalent to about 31% of the electorate.[37]

On election day, voting in 14,259 polling stations opened at 06:00 and closed at 18:00.[37][19] Overall turnout was estimated at 67%, an increase of 0.8% from 2020, and the highest recorded for a legislative election in South Korea since 1992.[38]

Results

[edit]
See also: List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 2024–2028

Exit polls indicated that the Democratic Party and its partner, the Democratic Alliance of Korea, would win between 168 and 197 seats in the National Assembly, while the People Power Party and its partner, the People Future Party, were expected to win between 85 and 111 seats. The Rebuilding Korea Party, which only contested proportional representation seats, was projected to win 15 seats. Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung was projected to keep his seat in Gyeyang B of Incheon against People Power Party candidate and former land minister Won Hee-ryong, winning 56.1% and 42.8% of the vote respectively.[39] The Justice Party failed to win seats for the first time since its foundation in 2012.

Among the elected candidates in proportional representation seats was Park Choong-kwon (representing the People Future Party), a North Korean defector who previously worked in the North Korean nuclear weapons programme before fleeing to the South in 2009.[40]

The election also saw the highest number of invalid votes cast for proportional representation seats since its introduction in 2004, with the National Electoral Commission tallying 1,309,931 such ballots, equivalent to 4.4% of votes cast.[41]

Party or allianceProportionalConstituencyTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
People Power Party / People Future Party10,395,26436.671813,179,76945.0890108
Democratic AllianceDemocratic Party7,567,45926.70814,758,08350.48161169
Progressive Party2302,9251.0413
New Progressive Alliance[n]214,2710.0502
Independents22
Total1415,075,27951.57162176
Rebuilding Korea Party6,874,27824.251212
New Reform Party1,025,7753.622195,1470.6713
Liberal Unification Party642,4332.27018,7000.0600
Green–Justice Party609,3132.150107,0290.3700
New Future Party483,8271.710200,5020.6911
Pine Tree Party124,3690.44018,9390.0600
Grand National Party [ko]72,9250.2600
National Revolutionary Party67,4200.2400
Saenuri Party57,2100.2000
Freedom and Democracy Party [ko]39,9770.1401,2450.0000
Christian Party [ko]36,1170.1302180.0000
Grand National Unity Party30,3230.1100
Our Republican Party29,8950.11012,8140.0400
Great Korea Party [ko]29,4810.1000
Women's Party28,9420.1000
Hashtag People's Policy Party [ko]26,9060.0900
Labor Party25,9370.0907,4650.0300
Financial Reform Party [ko]20,5480.0700
Senior Welfare Party [ko]15,1780.0500
Republican Party [ko]14,9120.0500
Hongik Party [ko]13,3260.0500
Korea Farmers and Fishermen's Party [ko]13,0350.0502,8040.0100
Korea People's Party [ko]11,9470.040850.0000
Mirae Party11,5050.0400
New National Participation Party10,2420.0400
To Tomorrow, to the Future [ko]9,4170.0301,3330.0000
Republic of Korea Party [ko]8,5270.0300
Unification Korea Party [ko]8,5180.0300
Let's Go Korea [ko]7,8200.0300
Popular Democratic Party [ko]7,6630.0300
Gihuminsaeng Party6,6150.0207780.0000
Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges [ko]4,7070.020540.0000
Korean Wave Union Party [ko]3,8940.0100
Korea Business Party [ko]3,7830.0100
K Political Innovation Union Party [ko]3,4510.0100
New Korean Peninsula Party [ko]1,5800.0100
Korean National Party [ko]1,9170.0100
People's Democracy Party2900.0000
Independents409,7611.4000
Total28,344,519100.004629,234,129100.00254300
Valid votes28,344,51995.5829,234,12998.63
Invalid/blank votes1,309,9314.42406,7901.37
Total votes29,654,450100.0029,640,919100.00
Registered voters/turnout44,280,01166.9744,245,55266.99
Source: KBS, Daum, NEC

By city/province

[edit]
Seat tally and results by city/province
Constituency results by city/provinces
Region PPP DPK NRP NFP Total
seats
Seoul 11 37 0 0 48
Busan 17 1 0 0 18
Daegu 12 0 0 0 12
Incheon 2 12 0 0 14
Gwangju 0 8 0 0 8
Daejeon 0 7 0 0 7
Ulsan 4 2[o] 0 0 6
Sejong 0 1 0 1 2
Gyeonggi 6 53 1 0 60
Gangwon 6 2 0 0 8
North Chungcheong 3 5 0 0 8
South Chungcheong 3 8 0 0 11
North Jeolla 0 10 0 0 10
South Jeolla 0 10 0 0 10
North Gyeongsang 13 0 0 0 13
South Gyeongsang 13 3 0 0 16
Jeju 0 3 0 0 3
Total 90 162 1 1 254
Party list vote results by city/provinces
Region PPP DPK RKP NRP LUP GJP NFP Other
Seoul 36.9 26.2 22.9 4.4 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.4
Busan 45.9 20.8 22.5 3.2 2.3 1.6 1.3 2.5
Daegu 60.2 13.7 11.8 4.7 3.0 1.9 1.2 3.5
Incheon 34.9 30.0 22.7 3.3 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.6
Gwangju 5.8 36.3 47.7 2.3 0.7 1.5 2.9 2.9
Daejeon 35.5 27.7 24.0 3.8 2.7 1.9 2.1 2.3
Ulsan 41.8 24.2 22.2 3.2 1.8 2.0 1.4 3.4
Sejong 29.9 25.1 30.9 4.7 1.8 2.1 3.4 2.2
Gyeonggi 33.9 29.1 24.3 4.1 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.3
Gangwon 43.6 24.9 20.1 3.1 2.3 2.0 1.3 2.9
North Chungcheong 39.1 27.5 21.9 3.1 2.2 2.1 1.4 2.8
South Chungcheong 39.0 28.3 21.1 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.4 2.8
North Jeolla 8.5 37.6 45.5 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.3
South Jeolla 6.6 39.9 44.0 2.0 0.9 1.4 2.3 3.0
North Gyeongsang 60.2 14.7 11.7 3.2 3.1 1.9 1.1 4.0
South Gyeongsang 46.2 21.5 20.5 3.0 2.0 2.2 1.2 3.3
Jeju 31.4 28.3 27.9 3.0 1.3 4.1 1.5 2.5
Overall total 36.7 26.7 24.3 3.6 2.3 2.1 1.7 2.7
Seat allocation 18 14 12 2 0 0 0 0

By constituency

[edit]
Province/city Constituency Result Incumbent Winner Lead (%)
Seoul Jongno Democratic gain from People Power Choi Jae-hyung Kwak Sang-eon 6.8
Jung–Seongdong A Democratic hold Hong Ihk-pyo Jeon Hyun-hee 5.2
Jung–Seongdong B Democratic hold Park Sung-joon 2.3
Yongsan People Power hold Kwon Young-se 4.8
Gwangjin A Democratic gain from Independent Jeon Hye-sook Lee Jeong-heon 5.0
Gwangjin B Democratic hold Ko Min-jung 3.9
Dongdaemun A Democratic hold Ahn Gyu-back 8.4
Dongdaemun B Democratic hold Jang Kyung-tae 9.2
Jungnang A Democratic hold Seo Young-kyo 23.8
Jungnang B Democratic hold Park Hong-keun 15.4
Seongbuk A Democratic hold Kim Young-bae 16.6
Seongbuk B Democratic hold Ki Dong-min Kim Nam-geun 13.6
Gangbuk A Democratic hold Chun Joon-ho 14.4
Gangbuk B Democratic hold Park Yong-jin Han Min-su 11.4
Dobong A People Power gain from Democratic In Jae-keun Kim Jae-seop 1.1
Dobong B Democratic hold Oh Gi-hyung 5.6
Nowon A Democratic hold Koh Yong-jin Woo Won-shik 18.0
Nowon B Democratic hold Woo Won-shik Kim Sung-hwan 19.2
Eunpyeong A Democratic hold Park Joo-min 21.6
Eunpyeong B Democratic hold Kang Byung-won Kim Woo-young 17.4
Seodaemun A Democratic hold Woo Sang-ho Kim Dong-a 7.3
Seodaemun B Democratic hold Kim Yeong-ho 15.2
Mapo A People Power gain from Democratic Noh Woong-rae Cho Jung-hun 0.6
Mapo B Democratic hold Jung Chung-rae 13.6
Yangcheon A Democratic hold Hwang Hee 1.6
Yangcheon B Democratic hold Lee Yong-seon 15.0
Gangseo A Democratic hold Kang Sun-woo 19.8
Gangseo B Democratic hold Jin Seong-jun 9.7
Gangseo C Democratic hold Han Jeoung-ae 18.2
Guro A Democratic hold Lee In-young 11.4
Guro B Democratic hold Youn Kun-young 19.8
Geumcheon Democratic hold Choi Ki-sang 18.0
Yeongdeungpo A Democratic gain from People Power Kim Young-joo Chae Hyeon-il 12.8
Yeongdeungpo B Democratic hold Kim Min-seok 1.2
Dongjak A Democratic hold Kim Byung-kee 5.5
Dongjak B People Power gain from Independent Lee Su-jin Na Kyung-won 8.0
Gwanak A Democratic hold Yoo Ki-hong Park Min-gyu 14.2
Gwanak B Democratic hold Jeong Tae-ho 19.2
Seocho A People Power hold Cho Eun-hee 36.8
Seocho B People Power hold Park Sung-joong Shin Dong-uk 15.0
Gangnam A People Power hold Thae Yong-ho Seo Myeong-ok 28.4
Gangnam B People Power hold Park Jin Pak Soo-min 17.2
Gangnam C People Power hold Yu Kyung-jun Ko Dong-jin 33.5
Songpa A People Power hold Kim Woong Park Jeong-hun 7.1
Songpa B People Power hold Bae Hyun-jin 14.4
Songpa C Democratic hold Nam In-soon 2.0
Gangdong A Democratic hold Jin Sun-mee 2.2
Gangdong B Democratic hold Lee Hae-sik 8.8
Busan Jung–Yeongdo People Power gain from Liberal Unification Hwangbo Seung-hee Cho Seung-hwan 11.3
Seo–Dong People Power hold Ahn Byung-gil Kwak Gyu-thaek 16.0
Busanjin A People Power hold Suh Byung-soo Chong Seong-guk 5.6
Busanjin B People Power hold Lee Hun-seung 9.6
Dongnae People Power hold Kim Hee-gon Seo Ji-young 11.1
Nam People Power gain New constituency Park Soo-young 8.8
Buk A Democratic gain New constituency Chun Jae-soo 5.6
Buk B People Power gain New constituency Park Seong-hun 5.2
Haeundae A People Power hold Ha Tae-keung Joo Jin-u 9.1
Haeundae B People Power hold Kim Mee-ae 16.6
Saha A People Power gain from Democratic Choi In-ho Lee Sang-gwon 0.8
Saha B People Power hold Cho Kyoung-tae 13.2
Geumjeong People Power hold Paik Jong-hun 13.2
Gangseo People Power gain New constituency Kim Do-eup 11.2
Yeonje People Power hold Lee Joo-hwan Kim Hee-jeong 8.8
Suyeong People Power hold Chun Bong-min Chong Yeon-uk 9.8
Sasang People Power hold Chang Je-won Kim Dae-shik 5.2
Gijang People Power hold Chung Dong-man 4.6
Daegu Jung–Nam People Power hold Im Byeong-heon Kim Ki-ung 31.7
Dong–Gunwi A People Power gain New constituency Choi Eun-seok 49.0
Dong–Gunwi B People Power gain New constituency Kang Dae-sik 56.6
Seo People Power hold Kim Sang-hoon 44.0
Buk A People Power hold Yang Geum-hee Woo Jae-jun 44.1
Buk B People Power hold Kim Seung-soo 42.4
Suseong A People Power hold Joo Ho-young 35.3
Suseong B People Power hold Lee In-seon 57.2
Dalseo A People Power hold Hong Seok-joon Yoo Young-ha 42.8
Dalseo B People Power hold Yoon Jae-ok 45.0
Dalseo C People Power hold Kim Yong-pan Kwon Young-jin 50.3
Dalseong People Power hold Choo Kyung-ho 50.6
Incheon Jung–Ganghwa–Ongjin People Power hold Bae Jun-yeong 11.1
Dong–Michuhol A Democratic hold Heo Jong-sik 7.4
Dong–Michuhol B People Power hold Yoon Sang-hyun 0.9
Yeonsu A Democratic hold Park Chan-dae 6.3
Yeonsu B Democratic hold Chung Il-yung 3.0
Namdong A Democratic hold Maeng Sung-kyu 16.7
Namdong B Democratic gain from Independent Youn Kwan-suk Lee Hun-gi 9.0
Bupyeong A Democratic gain from Independent Lee Seong-man No Jong-myeon 10.4
Bupyeong B Democratic gain from New Future Hong Young-pyo Park Seon-won 12.6
Gyeyang A Democratic hold Yoo Dong-soo 16.6
Gyeyang B Democratic hold Lee Jae-myung 8.6
Seo A Democratic hold Kim Kyo-heung 17.2
Seo B Democratic hold Shin Dong-kun Lee Yong-u 13.0
Seo C Democratic gain New constituency Mo Kyeong-jong 18.0
Gwangju Dong–Nam A Democratic hold Yoon Young-deok Chung Jin-uk 77.4
Dong–Nam B Democratic hold Lee Byeong-hoon Ahn Do-geol 54.1
Seo A Democratic hold Song Kap-seok Cho In-cheol 51.0
Seo B Democratic gain from New Reform Yang Hyang-ja Yang Bu-nam 56.7
Buk A Democratic hold Cho Oh-seop Jeong Jun-ho 75.0
Buk B Democratic hold Lee Hyung-seok Jun Jin-sook 55.8
Gwangsan A Democratic hold Lee Yong-bin Park Kyoon-taek 74.7
Gwangsan B Democratic hold Min Hyung-bae 62.3
Daejeon Dong Democratic hold Jang Cheol-min 8.3
Jung Democratic gain from Rebuilding Korea Hwang Un-ha Park Yong-gab 4.2
Seo A Democratic hold Park Byeong-seug Jang Jong-tae 11.4
Seo B Democratic hold Park Beom-kye 11.7
Yuseong A Democratic hold Cho Seung-rae 16.0
Yuseong B Democratic gain from People Power Lee Sang-min Hwang Jung-a 22.6
Daedeok Democratic gain from New Future Park Young-soon Park Jeong-hyeon 7.9
Ulsan Jung People Power hold Park Seong-min 12.9
Nam A People Power hold Lee Chae-ik Kim Sang-wook 11.2
Nam B People Power hold Kim Gi-hyeon 12.4
Dong Democratic gain from People Power Kwon Myeong-ho Kim Tae-seon 0.7
Buk Progressive gain from Independent Lee Sang-heon Yoon Jong-o 12.2
Ulju People Power hold Seo Beom-soo 7.0
Sejong Sejong A New Future gain from Democratic Hong Seong-guk Kim Jong-min 13.8
Sejong B Democratic hold Kang Jun-hyeon 18.7
Gyeonggi Province Suwon A Democratic hold Kim Seung-won 13.3
Suwon B Democratic hold Baek Hye-ryun 23.4
Suwon C Democratic hold Kim Young-joon Kim Young-jin 10.8
Suwon D Democratic hold Park Kwang-on Kim Jun-hyuck 1.8
Suwon E Democratic hold Kim Jin-pyo Yeom Tae-yeong 18.0
Sujeong, Seongnam Democratic hold Kim Tae-nyeon 16.8
Jungwon, Seongnam Democratic hold Yoon Young-chan Lee Soo-jin 20.2
Bundang A, Seongnam People Power hold Ahn Cheol-soo 6.6
Bundang B, Seongnam People Power gain from Democratic Kim Byeong-uk Kim Eun-hye 2.2
Uijeongbu A Democratic gain from New Future Oh Young-hwan Park Jee-hye 11.5
Uijeongbu B Democratic hold Kim Min-cheol Lee Jae-kang 10.6
Manan, Anyang Democratic hold Kang Deuk-ku 13.8
Dongan A, Anyang Democratic hold Min Byeong-deok 14.6
Dongan B, Anyang Democratic hold Lee Jae-jung 7.8
Bucheon A Democratic hold Kim Gyeong-hyeop Seo Young-seok 22.2
Bucheon B Democratic gain from New Future Sul Hoon Kim Gi-pyo 18.0
Bucheon C Democratic hold Kim Sang-hee Lee Geon-tae 16.4
Gwangmyeong A Democratic hold Lim O-kyeong 17.4
Gwangmyeong B Democratic hold Yang Gi-dae Kim Nam-hee 19.2
Pyeongtaek A Democratic hold Hong Gi-won 14.8
Pyeongtaek B Democratic gain from People Power Yoo Ui-dong Lee Byeong-jin 8.4
Pyeongtaek C Democratic gain New constituency Kim Hyun-jung 9.3
Dongducheon–Yangju–Yeoncheon A People Power gain New constituency Jeong Seong-ho 20.6
Dongducheon–Yangju–Yeoncheon B Democratic gain New constituency Kim Seong-won 7.4
Ansan A Democratic gain New constituency Yang Moon-seok 11.2
Ansan B Democratic gain New constituency Kim Hyun 18.2
Ansan C Democratic gain New constituency Park Hae-cheol 11.1
Goyang A Democratic gain from Green-Justice Sim Sang-jung Kim Sung-hoi 10.0
Goyang B Democratic hold Han Jun-ho 23.9
Goyang C Democratic hold Hong Jung-min Lee Ki-heon 8.2
Goyang D Democratic hold Lee Yong-woo Kim Young-hwan 9.8
Uiwang–Gwacheon Democratic hold Lee So-young 8.8
Guri Democratic hold Yun Ho-jung 10.7
Namyangju A Democratic gain from New Reform Cho Eung-cheon Choi Min-hee 15.4
Namyangju B Democratic hold Kim Han-jeong Kim Byeong-ju 16.1
Namyangju C Democratic hold Kim Yong-min 12.4
Osan Democratic hold An Min-seok Cha Ji-ho 18.0
Siheung A Democratic hold Moon Jeong-bok 22.5
Siheung B Democratic hold Cho Jeong-sik 16.9
Gunpo Democratic hold Lee Hak-young 13.8
Hanam A Democratic gain New constituency Choo Mi-ae 1.2
Hanam B Democratic gain New constituency Kim Yong-man 7.9
Yongin A Democratic gain Vacant Lee Sang-sik 6.4
Yongin B Democratic hold Kim Min-gi Son Myoung-soo 14.0
Yongin C Democratic hold Jung Choun-sook Boo Seung-chan 0.6
Yongin D Democratic hold Lee Tahney Lee Un-ju 4.2
Paju A Democratic hold Yoon Hu-deok 26.8
Paju B Democratic hold Park Jeong 9.6
Icheon People Power hold Song Seok-jun 2.6
Anseong Democratic gain from People Power Kim Hak-young Yoon Jong-kun 3.3
Gimpo A Democratic hold Kim Ju-young 8.6
Gimpo B Democratic hold Park Sang-hyuk 11.0
Hwaseong A Democratic hold Song Ok-ju 11.8
Hwaseong B New Reform hold Lee Won-uk Lee Jun-seok 2.7
Hwaseong C Democratic hold Kwon Chil-seung 24.4
Hwaseong D Democratic gain New constituency Jeon Yong-gi 21.6
Gwangju A Democratic hold So Byeong-hoon 12.6
Gwangju B Democratic gain Vacant An Tae-jun 10.2
Pocheon–Gapyeong People Power hold Choi Chun-sik Kim Yong-tae 2.1
Yeoju–Yangpyeong People Power gain Vacant Kim Seon-kyo 7.2
Gangwon Province Chuncheon–Cheorwon–Hwacheon–Yanggu A Democratic hold Heo Young 8.9
Chuncheon–Cheorwon–Hwacheon–Yanggu B People Power hold Han Gi-ho 12.4
Wonju A People Power hold Park Jeong-ha 1.4
Wonju B Democratic hold Song Ki-hun 8.2
Gangneung People Power hold Kwon Seong-dong 10.9
Donghae–Taebaek–Samcheok–Jeongseon People Power hold Lee Cheol-gyu 24.7
Sokcho–Goseong–Yangyang–Inje People Power hold Lee Yang-soo 11.7
Hongcheon–Hoengseong–Yeongwol–Pyeongchang People Power hold Yoo Sang-beom 15.4
North Chungcheong Province Sangdang, Cheongju Democratic gain from People Power Chung Woo-taik Lee Kang-il 5.3
Seowon, Cheongju Democratic hold Lee Jang-seop Lee Goang-hee 5.0
Heungdeok, Cheongju Democratic hold Doh Jong-hwan Lee Yeon-hee 7.2
Cheongwon, Cheongju Democratic hold Byeon Jae-il Song Jae-bong 6.6
Chungju People Power hold Lee Jong-bae 2.2
Jecheon–Danyang People Power hold Eom Tae-young 8.0
Boeun–Okcheon–Yeongdong–Goesan People Power hold Park Duk-hyum 5.8
Jeungpyeong–Jincheon–Eumseong Democratic hold Lim Ho-seon 8.0
South Chungcheong Province Cheonan A Democratic hold Moon Jin-seok 3.5
Cheonan B Democratic gain from Independent Park Wan-ju Lee Jae-kwan 13.3
Cheonan C Democratic hold Lee Jeong-mun 13.6
Gongju–Buyeo–Cheongyang Democratic gain from People Power Chung Jin-suk Park Soo-hyun 2.3
Boryeong–Seocheon People Power hold Jang Dong-hyeok 4.1
Asan A Democratic gain from People Power Lee Myeong-su Bok Ki-wang 9.7
Asan B Democratic hold Kang Hun-sik 20.8
Seosan–Taean People Power hold Seong Il-jong 3.1
Nonsan–Gyeryong–Geumsan Democratic gain from New Future Kim Jong-min Hwang Myong-sun 3.7
Dangjin Democratic hold Eo Gi-gu 3.6
Hongseong–Yesan People Power hold Hong Mun-pyo Kang Seung-kyu 9.7
North Jeolla Province Jeonju A Democratic hold Kim Yoon-deok 65.6
Jeonju B Democratic gain from Progressive Kang Sung-hee Lee Seong-yoon 45.8
Jeonju C Democratic hold Kim Seong-ju Chung Dong-young 69.8
Gunsan-Gimje–Buan A Democratic gain New constituency Shin Young-dae 73.4
Gunsan-Gimje–Buan B Democratic gain New constituency Lee Won-taek 77.0
Iksan A Democratic hold Kim Su-heung Lee Choon-suak 67.0
Iksan B Democratic hold Han Byeong-do 75.9
Jeongeup–Gochang Democratic hold Yoon Jun-byeong 76.4
Namwon–Jangsu–Imsil–Sunchang Democratic gain New constituency Park Hee-seung 72.1
Wanju–Jinan–Muju Democratic gain New constituency Ahn Ho-young 68.4
South Jeolla Province Mokpo Democratic hold Kim Won-i 57.7
Yeosu A Democratic hold Jo Cheol-hyeon 77.8
Yeosu B Democratic hold Kim Hoi-jae Cho Gye-won 45.6
Suncheon–Gwangyang–Gokseong–Gurye A Democratic hold So Byeong-cheol Kim Moon-soo 46.3
Suncheon–Gwangyang–Gokseong–Gurye B Democratic hold Seo Dong-yong Kwon Hyang-yeop 46.4
Naju–Hwasun Democratic hold Shin Jeong-hun 51.9
Damyang–Hampyeong–Yeonggwang–Jangseong Democratic hold Lee Gae-ho 20.6
Goheung–Boseong–Jangheung–Gangjin Democratic hold Kim Seung-nam Mun Geum-ju 81.4
Haenam–Wando–Jindo Democratic hold Yun Jae-kap Park Jie-won 84.7
Yeongam–Muan–Sinan Democratic hold Seo Sam-seok 48.7
North Gyeongsang Province Buk, Pohang People Power hold Kim Jeong-jae 33.4
Nam, Pohang-Ulleung People Power hold Kim Byeong-uk Lee Sang-hwi 40.0
Gyeongju People Power hold Kim Seok-ki 41.5
Gimcheon People Power hold Song Eon-seok 42.6
Andong–Yecheon People Power hold Kim Hyeong-dong 38.6
Gumi A People Power hold Gu Ja-geun 45.2
Gumi B People Power hold Kim Young-sik Kang Myeon-ku 31.9
Yeongju–Yeongyang–Bonghwa People Power gain New constituency Lim Jong-deuk 47.4
Yeongcheon–Cheongdo People Power hold Lee Man-hee 43.4
Sangju–Mungyeong People Power hold Lim Lee-ja 58.8
Gyeongsan People Power hold Yoon Du-hyeon Cho Ji-yeon 1.1
Uiseong–Cheongsong–Yeongdeok–Uljin People Power gain New constituency Park Hyeong-soo 66.6
Goryeong–Seongju–Chilgok People Power hold Jeong Hee-yong 54.7
South Gyeongsang Province Uichang, Changwon People Power hold Kim Yeong-seon Kim Jong-yang 14.6
Seongsan, Changwon Democratic gain from People Power Kang Ki-youn Heo Seong-moo 0.7
Masanhappo, Changwon People Power hold Choi Hyeong-du 28.0
Masanhoewon, Changwon People Power hold Yoon Han-hong 19.6
Jinhae, Changwon People Power hold Lee Dal-gon Lee Jong-uk 0.4
Jinju A People Power hold Park Dae-chul 16.6
Jinju B People Power hold Kang Min-gook 25.9
Tongyeong–Goseong People Power hold Jeong Jeom-sik 23.0
Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong People Power gain from Independent Ha Young-je Seo Cheon-ho 23.3
Gimhae A Democratic hold Min Hong-cheol 5.0
Gimhae B Democratic hold Kim Jeong-ho 12.4
Miryang–Uiryeong–Haman–Changnyeong People Power hold Cho Hae-jin Park Sang-woong 33.7
Geoje People Power hold Seo Il-jun 4.5
Yangsan A People Power hold Yoon Young-seok 8.8
Yangsan B People Power gain from Democratic Kim Doo-kwan Kim Tae-ho 2.1
Sancheong–Hamyang–Geochang–Hapcheon People Power hold Kim Tae-ho Shin Sung-beom 42.0
Jeju Province Jeju A Democratic hold Song Jae-ho Moon Dae-rim 25.8
Jeju B Democratic hold Kim Han-gyu 32.6
Seogwipo Democratic hold Wi Seong-gon 8.0
Source: Yonhap News Agency

By proportional representation list

[edit]
Party Candidates Elected Elected candidates
People Future Party[42] 35 18
Democratic Alliance[43] 30 14
  • Seo Mi-hwa (Independent)
  • Wi Sung-rak (Democratic Party)
  • Baek Seung-a (Democratic Party)
  • Lim Gwang-hyeon (Democratic Party)
  • Jeong Hye-kyung (Progressive Party)
  • Yong Hye-in (New Progressive Alliance)
  • Oh Se-hee (Democratic Party)
  • Park Hong-bae (Democratic Party)
  • Kang You-jung (Democratic Party)
  • Han Chang-min (New Progressive Alliance)
  • Jeon Jong-deok (Progressive Party)
  • Kim Yoon (Independent)
  • Lim Mi-ae (Democratic Party)
  • Jeong Eul-ho (Democratic Party)
Rebuilding Korea Party[42] 25 12
  • Park Eun-jeong
  • Cho Kuk
  • Lee Hai-min
  • Shin Jang-sik
  • Kim Seon-min
  • Kim Jun-hyeong
  • Kim Jae-won
  • Hwang Un-ha
  • Jung Choon-saeng
  • Cha Kyu-geun
  • Kang Gyeong-sook
  • Seo Wang-jin
New Reform Party[42] 10 2
  • Lee Joo-young
  • Cheon Ha-ram
Liberal Unification Party[42] 20 0
Green–Justice Party[42] 14 0
New Future Party[42] 11 0
Pine Tree Party[44] 8 0
Grand National Party[44] 8 0
National Revolutionary Party[44] 10 0
Saenuri Party[44] 1 0
Freedom and Democracy Party[44] 7 0
Christian Party[44] 2 0
Grand National Unity Party[44] 2 0
Our Republican Party[44] 8 0
Great Korea Party[44] 7 0
Women's Party[44] 1 0
Hashtag People's Policy Party[44] 1 0
Labor Party[44] 2 0
Financial Reform Party[44] 1 0
Senior Welfare Party[44] 5 0
Republican Party[44] 1 0
Hongik Party[44] 2 0
Korea Farmers and Fishermen's Party[44] 2 0
Korea People's Party[44] 4 0
To Tomorrow, to the Future[44] 7 0
Republic of Korea Party[44] 2 0
Unification Korea Party[44] 2 0
Let's Go Korea[44] 2 0
Popular Democratic Party[44] 5 0
Gihuminsaeng Party[44] 1 0
Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges[44] 2 0
Korean Wave Union Party[44] 3 0
Korea Business Party[44] 4 0
K Political Innovation Union Party[44] 4 0
New Korean Peninsula Party[44] 2 0

Voter turnout by region

[edit]
Voter turnout by province (accumulate)[45]
Region Electorate Early Vote Overall
5 April 6 April 10 April
Voter % Voter % Voter %
Seoul 8,310,021 1,315,890 15.83 2,711,316 32.63 5,758,313 69.3
Busan 2,884,261 427,839 14.83 852,871 29.57 1,947,669 67.5
Daegu 2,051,656 251,503 12.26 525,222 25.60 1,312,872 64.0
Incheon 2,582,765 374,537 14.50 776,408 30.06 1,686,974 65.3
Gwangju 1,199,920 239,483 19.96 455,962 38.00 818,372 68.2
Daejeon 1,236,801 181,300 14.66 374,206 30.26 819,636 66.3
Ulsan 934,661 138,305 14.80 281,659 30.13 625,088 66.9
Sejong 301,297 51,184 16.99 110,888 36.80 211,405 70.2
Gyeonggi 11,595,385 1,627,194 14.03 3,425,648 29.54 7,732,236 66.7
Gangwon 1,331,959 235,574 17.69 434,704 32.64 887,434 66.6
North Chungcheong 1,372,679 215,419 15.69 420,624 30.64 895,768 65.2
South Chungcheong 1,825,472 286,637 15.70 552,098 30.24 1,185,939 65.0
North Jeolla 1,517,738 324,150 21.36 583,724 38.46 1,022,602 67.4
South Jeolla 1,565,232 370,442 23.67 644,774 41.19 1,080,202 69.0
North Gyeongsang 2,224,011 361,141 16.24 683,836 30.75 1,447,739 65.1
South Gyeongsang 2,779,542 424,367 15.27 853,610 30.71 1,877,784 67.6
Jeju 566,611 85,545 15.10 161,493 28.50 352,541 62.2
Overall total 44,280,011 6,910,510 15.61 13,849,043 31.28 29,662,313 67.0

Incumbents who lost re-election

[edit]
Members of Parliament who lost re-election
MP Seat First elected Party New MP New party
Kim Hack-yong Anseong 2008[p] People Power Yoon Jong-kun Democratic
Sul Hoon[q] Bucheon B 1996[r] New Future Kim Gi-pyo Democratic
Kim Byung-wook Bundang B 2016 Democratic Kim Eun-hye People Power
Hong Young-pyo[q] Bupyeong B 2009 by-election New Future Park Seon-won Democratic
Kang Gi-yun Changwon Seongsan 2012[s] People Power Heo Seong-moo Democratic
Park Young-soon[q] Daedeok 2020 New Future Park Jeong-hyeon Democratic
Kwon Myung-ho Dong, Ulsan 2020 People Power Kim Tae-sun Democratic
Chung Jin-suk Gongju–Buyeo–Cheongyang 2000[t] People Power Park Soo-hyun Democratic
Sim Sang-jeong Goyang A 2004[u] Justice Kim Sung-hoi Democratic
Thae Yong-ho Guro A[v] 2020 People Power Lee In-young[w] Democratic
Lee Won-uk[q] Hwaseong D 2012 New Reform Party Jeon Yong-gi Democratic
Kang Sung-hee Jeonju B 2023 by-election Progressive Lee Sung-yoon Democratic
Choi Jae-hyung Jongno 2022 (March) by-election People Power Kwak Sang-eon Democratic
Park Jae-ho Nam District, Busan 2016 Democratic Park Soo-young People Power
Cho Eung-chun[q] Namyangju A 2016 New Reform Party Choi Min-hee Democratic
Hwangbo Seung-hee[x] Proportional Representation[y] 2020 Liberal Unification Party Not applicable
Choi In-ho Saha A 2016 Democratic Lee Sang-gwon People Power
Kim Doo-kwan Yangsan B 2016[z] Democratic Kim Tae-ho People Power
Kim Young-joo Yeongdeungpo A 2004[aa] People Power Chae Hyeon-il Democratic
Yang Hyang-ja[q] Yongin A 2020 New Reform Party Lee Sang-sik Democratic
Lee Sang-min Yuseong B 2004 People Power Hwang Jung-a Democratic

Reactions

[edit]

Following the release of exit polls, Han Dong-hoon expressed disappointment over the People Power Party's losses in the election.[46] Cho Kuk called the results of the Rebuilding Korea Party's campaign the "victory of the people" and said it showed the people can "no longer put up with the regression" of the Yoon administration. Cho also called on President Yoon to "apologize for the numerous misdeeds and corruption", and pledged to introduce a special investigation bill against Han Dong-hoon once the new session of the National Assembly is formed.[47] Lee Jae-myung expressed thanks for the Democratic Party's showing, calling it "a great victory for our people", and said the party will "humbly watch the people's choices to the end".[48][49]

On 11 April Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, presidential chief of staff Lee Kwan-sup,[50] and other senior presidential advisers, with the exception of those in charge of security issues, offered their resignations to Yoon, who pledged to "humbly uphold" the election result and focus on improving the economy and reforming state affairs. In a separate statement, Han Dong-hoon also resigned as head of the People Power Party and took responsibility for its defeat in the election.[51] That same day, Green-Justice leader Sim Sang-jung announced her retirement from politics. Sim, who ran twice for president in 2017 and 2021, was a four-term lawmaker under various minor left-wing parties. In her announcement, Sim assumed responsibility for the party losing all six seats and falling below the 3% required for proportional representation.[52]

In his first public remarks since the election on 16 April, President Yoon reiterated his acceptance of the election result and pledged to "communicate more with a humbler and more flexible attitude, and be the first to listen carefully to the public sentiment."[53]

Analysis

[edit]

According to Shin Yul, a professor of political science at Myongji University, the election results would likely lead to "extreme confrontation", stating that it "won't be easy for people to see bipartisan cooperation".[54]

Overall, the opposition bloc (including the Rebuilding Korea Party and New Future, which are both led by former members of the Democratic Party and are considerably anti-Yoon)[55] did not receive enough seats to threaten the impeachment of Yoon, which would have required a two-thirds majority, or 200 seats. They won a combined total of 189 against the government alliance and New Reform (who are more moderately conservative and big tent) total of 111. Nevertheless, the election result, and overwhelming majority in favor of the governmental opposition, was enough to effectively block any government plans going into the future. The Diplomat described Yoon Suk-yeol as a "lame duck" for his remaining three years in office.[56] Chae Jin-won of Humanitas College at Kyung Hee University stated that "If Yoon can't find a way to work with the opposition, there is a likelihood of impeachment, which some factions in the ruling party may comply with for the sake of their own political futures."[57]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ For the proportional seats
  2. ^ Known as Democratic/Platform Party
  3. ^ Including the Basic Income Party in seat totals, which only won seats through the Democratic Alliance proportional list. The Progressive Party won a separate FPTP district, and ran against the DPK in certain provinces.
  4. ^ with People Future contesting PR seats
  5. ^ Known as United Future/Future Korea Party
  6. ^ 163 – Democratic Party; 15 – Platform Party
  7. ^ 142 – Democratic Party; 14 – Democratic Alliance
  8. ^ Open Democratic Party
  9. ^ 84 – United Future Party; 19 – Future Korea Party
  10. ^ 101 – People Power Party; 13 – People Future Party
  11. ^ People Party
  12. ^ Transition Korea
  13. ^ Party affiliation of retiring MPs at the time of the 2020 legislative election.
  14. ^ Alliance of the Basic Income Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Open Democratic Party
  15. ^ Including one seat for the Progressive Party.
  16. ^ Kim lost his seat in 2020 but was re-elected through a by-election in March 2022
  17. ^ a b c d e f Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party
  18. ^ Sul was initially elected in Dobong B from 1996 to 2004. He did not stand for election in 2004 or 2008, but did stand in 2012 in Bucheon Wonmi B. This seat was renamed Bucheon B in 2016.
  19. ^ Kang was first elected in 2012, but lost his seat in 2016 and was re-elected in 2020
  20. ^ Chung moved to proportional representation in 2008, resigning in 2010 to become the Senior Political Secretary to the President, and then lost in Seoul's Jung Distrist in 2012. He was re-elected in this district in 2016 and 2020
  21. ^ Sim was initially elected under proportional representation in 2004, losing her seat in 2008. She was elected to this seat in 2012 and re-elected in 2016 and 2020.
  22. ^ Thae had represented Gangnam A as an incumbent, but ran for re-election in Guro A.
  23. ^ Lee was the incumbent in Guro A.
  24. ^ Originally elected as a member of the People Power Party
  25. ^ Originally elected as constituency member for Jung-Yeongdo
  26. ^ Kim was first elected at Gimpo A District in 2016 but was re-elected in 2020 at Yangsan B District
  27. ^ Kim was originally elected as a proportional member in 2004. She ran for Yeondeungpo A in 2008, being defeated, before being elected in the same district in 2012 and re-elected in 2016 and 2020.

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[edit]
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