Portal:1970s

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P:1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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The Color TV-Game is the first video game system ever made by Nintendo. The system was released as a series of five dedicated home video game consoles between 1977 and 1983 in Japan only. Nintendo sold three million units of the first four models: one million units of each of the first two models, Color TV-Game 6 and 15; and half a million units of each of the next two models, Block Breaker and Racing 112. The Color TV-Game series has the highest sales figures of all the first generation of video game consoles. (Full article...)

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... that Cathie Dunsford was unable to find many books about lesbianism in the 1970s, but by the 1980s had herself become a writer and anthologist of lesbian literature?
... that the manga series Sora ga Suki! depicted two male characters kissing each other although it was a taboo for manga in the 1970s?
... that thousands of Greenlandic women and girls had intrauterine devices placed without their consent during the 1960s and 1970s?
... that the oldest surviving synagogue building in Wisconsin was almost razed in the 1970s?
... that American teenagers of the 1960s and 1970s used to chat and arrange dates over the sound of the busy signal?
... that Suzie Zuzek's impactful 1960s and 1970s textile designs for Lilly Pulitzer dresses were recovered from under floorboards?

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Wilson in 1975

James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British statesman and Labour politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1964 to 1970 and again from 1974 to 1976. He was Leader of the Labour Party from 1963 to 1976, Leader of the Opposition twice from 1963 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1974, and a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 to 1983. Wilson is the only Labour leader to have formed administrations following four general elections.

Born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, to a politically active middle-class family, Wilson studied a combined degree of philosophy, politics, and economics at Jesus College, Oxford. He was later an Economic History lecturer at New College, Oxford, and a research fellow at University College, Oxford. Elected to Parliament in 1945, Wilson was appointed to the Attlee government as a Parliamentary Secretary; he became Secretary for Overseas Trade in 1947, and was elevated to the Cabinet shortly thereafter as President of the Board of Trade. Following Labour's defeat at the 1955 election, Wilson joined the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chancellor, and was moved to the role of Shadow Foreign Secretary in 1961. When Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell died suddenly in January 1963, Wilson won the subsequent leadership election to replace him, becoming Leader of the Opposition. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 2Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 3Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 4American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 5Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 6Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 7Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 8In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 9Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 10United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 11The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 12Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 13Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 15Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 16Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 17Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 18The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 19An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 20Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 21The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 22Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 23Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 24Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 25Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 26David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 27English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 281970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 29Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 30AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 31Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 32Singer Cher in 1971. In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 33America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 34The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 35The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 36Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 37Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 38Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 39Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 40Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 41King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 42Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 43Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 44A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 45TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 46African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 47Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 48Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 49Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 50A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 51Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 52Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 53Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 54Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 55British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 56Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 57 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 58Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 59Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 60Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 61Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 62Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 63Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 641976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 65Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 661979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 67Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 68British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 69Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 70Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 71Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 72Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 73John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 74Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 75Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 76Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 77Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 78Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 791973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 80Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 81Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 82The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 83Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 84Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 85Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 86Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 87A couple at prom in late 1970s: Powder Tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 88Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 89Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 90Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 91Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 92Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 93British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 94Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 95Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 96A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 97Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 98Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 991974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 100Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 101Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 102Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 103British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 104American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 105Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 106Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 107The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 108Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 109The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 110Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 111By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 112Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 113El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 114Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 115Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 116Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 117Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 118Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 119The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 120British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 121Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 122VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 123Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 124Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 125Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 126Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)

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