Portal:Croatia

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Dobro došli na hrvatski portal!

Flag of Croatia	Coat of Arms of Croatia

Croatia (/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ^ⓘ, kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska, pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. Other major urban centers include Split, Rijeka and Osijek. The country spans 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.

The Croats arrived in modern-day Croatia in the late 6th century, then part of Roman Illyria. By the 7th century, they had organized the territory into two duchies. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke Branimir. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended, Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, independent from the Habsburg Empire, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918, it merged into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of Croatia was incorporated into a Nazi-installed puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia. A resistance movement led to the creation of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence, and the War of Independence was successfully fought over the next four years.

Croatia is a republic and has a parliamentary system. It is a member of the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the World Trade Organization, a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean, and is currently in the process of joining the OECD. An active participant in United Nations peacekeeping, Croatia contributed troops to the International Security Assistance Force and was elected to fill a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council in the 2008–2009 term for the first time.

Croatia is a developed country with an advanced high-income economy and ranks highly in the Human Development Index. Service, industrial sectors, and agriculture dominate the economy. Tourism is a significant source of revenue for the country, with nearly 20 million tourist arrivals as of 2019. Since the 2000s, the Croatian government has heavily invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors. Croatia has also positioned itself as a regional energy leader in the early 2020s and is contributing to the diversification of Europe's energy supply via its floating liquefied natural gas import terminal off Krk island, LNG Hrvatska. Croatia provides social security, universal health care, and tuition-free primary and secondary education while supporting culture through public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing. (Full article...)

Recognized content - show another

Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

Coat of arms of the president

The president of Croatia, officially the president of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Predsjednik Republike Hrvatske), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the country and abroad. The president is the holder of the highest office in Croatia. However, the president is not the head of the executive branch ("non executive president") as Croatia has a parliamentary system in which the holder of the post of prime minister is the most powerful person within the country's constitutional framework and everyday politics.

The president maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The president has the power to call ordinary and extraordinary elections for the Croatian Parliament (in a manner specified by the Constitution), as well as to call referendums (with countersignature of the prime minister). The president formally appoints the prime minister on the basis of the balance of power in parliament and consultations conducted with the leaders of parliamentary parties, grants pardons and awards decorations and other state awards. The president and Government (Cabinet) cooperate in conducting foreign policy. In addition, the president is the commander-in-chief of the Croatian Armed Forces. The president appoints the director of the Security and Intelligence Agency in agreement with the prime minister. The president may dissolve the Parliament under circumstances provided by the Constitution. Although enjoying immunity, the president is impeachable for violation of the Constitution. In case of a temporary or permanent incapability by the president to discharge the duties of office, the speaker of the Parliament assumes the office of acting president until the president resumes their duties, or until the election of a new president within 60 days of the permanent vacancy occurring. (Full article...)

List of recognized articles

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that during the production of Serious Sam: The First Encounter, all of its developers were conscripted into the Croatian military?
... that you can watch frogs playing poker in Split, Croatia?
... that Lovro Šitović, a 17th-century Croatian Franciscan friar who wrote a Latin grammar, was a convert from Islam?
... that Tin Srbić was the first Croatian to win a gold medal at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships?

General images

The following are images from various Croatia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Croatian borders similar to those established with the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699. Although the peace treaty meant relief from Ottoman pressure, Croatia lost the compactness of its territory. (from History of Croatia)
Image 2Heart-shaped island of Galešnjak (from Croatia)
Image 3Clockwise from top left: The central street of Dubrovnik, the Stradun, in ruins during the Siege of Dubrovnik; the damaged Vukovar water tower, a symbol of the early conflict, flying the Croatian tricolor; soldiers of the Croatian Army getting ready to destroy a Serbian tank; the Vukovar Memorial Cemetery; a Serbian T-55 tank destroyed on the road to Drniš (from History of Croatia)
Image 4Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac with the Croatian communist leader Vladimir Bakarić at the celebration of May Day, shortly before Stepinac was arrested and convicted by the communists (from Croatia)
Image 5Vučedol dove – the most famous piece of bronze age Vučedol culture. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 6Tourist cruise on the Danube river, eastern Slavonia (from Croatia)
Image 7A 16th century depiction of Vrana monastery, seat of John of Palisna. (from History of Croatia)
Image 8The flag of Croatia was hoisted together with the flag of Europe on the building of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs in Zagreb as a symbol of Croatia's membership in both the Council of Europe and the European Union (from History of Croatia)
Image 9Interior of the Croatian National Theatre, Zagreb (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 10Šibenik Cathedral, since 2000 on the UNESCO World Heritage List (from Croatia)
Image 11Traditional Croatian musicians playing violins (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 12Croatia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (from History of Croatia)
Image 13Croatians in a caffe bar on Petar Preradović Square, also known as "Flowers Square" (Cvjetni trg), in Zagreb (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 14Pula Film Festival is held each year during summer. Its main stage is Roman amphitheatre in Pula. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 15Poglavnik of the Independent State of Croatia, Ante Pavelić, shakes hands with Adolf Hitler in 1941. (from History of Croatia)
Image 16The climax of Hasan Pasha's Great Offensive was third Battle of Sisak on 22 June 1593. The battle is depicted here by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor. (from History of Croatia)
Image 17Coronation of King Tomislav by Oton Iveković (from Croatia)
Image 18The Law Code of Vinodol from 1288, written in Glagolitic script, is the earliest legal text written in the Croatian language. This code regulated relations between inhabitants of the town of Vinodol and their overlords, the counts of Krk. (from History of Croatia)
Image 19Radio Zagreb, now a part of Croatian national public broadcasting company, Croatian Radiotelevision, was the first public radio station in Southeast Europe. (from Croatia)
Image 20Late 9th century Church of Holy Salvation, built at the time of duke Branimir of Croatia. (from History of Croatia)
Image 21The Split pluteus with the figure of a king, dating from the 11th century. It is hypothesized to depict a Croatian king, probably Petar Krešimir IV or Zvonimir. It was originally situated in Hollow Church. (from History of Croatia)
Image 22Fans on Poljud stadium during Croatia's biggest football derby between Hajduk Split and Dinamo Zagreb. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 23Rimac Automobili were designed and made in Croatia (from Croatia)
Image 24Pluteus with the figure of king from 11th century, found in Hollow Church in Solin is thought to most likely depict a King of Croatia, probably Petar Krešimir IV or Demetrius Zvonimir. Above the sculpture, Croatian interlace can also be seen, which is a common feature of Croatian pre-romanesque art. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 25Proclamation of severing ties with Austria-Hungary in front of Croatian Sabor in 1918. (from History of Croatia)
Image 26A map of 10th-century Croatian counties (županije), as they were mentioned in De Administrando Imperio. The counties marked in blue represent the territories governed by the Croatian Ban. (from History of Croatia)
Image 27Croatian Dassault Rafale fighter, 191 Squadron of the Croatian Air Force (from Croatia)
Image 28President Zoran Milanović at the NATO summit on 11 July 2023, Vilnius, Lithuania (from Croatia)
Image 29Vineyard in Hrvatsko Zagorje. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 30A border marking of Illyrian Provinces on Sava river shores in modern-day Zagreb. (from History of Croatia)
Image 31Croatia national football team came in second at the 2018 World Cup in Russia. (from Croatia)
Image 32Klis Fortress in the hinterland of town of Split was one of the places that saw action during the First Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1242. (from History of Croatia)
Image 33Novigrad Castle, near Zadar was a place where anti-court supporters held queens Mary and Elizabeth in captivity. Velebit mountain can be seen in castle's background. (from History of Croatia)
Image 34Sinjska alka (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 35Satellite image of Croatia (from Croatia)
Image 36Franjo Tuđman, the 1st president of the modern independent Republic of Croatia (from History of Croatia)
Image 37A chair designed by Bernardo Bernardi in 1956. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 38The 1527 Cetingrad Charter, preserved in the National Archives of Austria contains seals of most distinguished Croatian nobles such as: Ivan Karlović, Nikola III Zrinski as well as seal with Croatian checkerboard. (from History of Croatia)
Image 39Pelješac Bridge in June 2022. (from History of Croatia)
Image 40Landscapes of Motovun in Istrian peninsula (from Croatia)
Image 41Josip Broz Tito led Yugoslavia from 1944 to 1980; Pictured: Tito with the US president Richard Nixon in the White House, 1971 (from Croatia)
Image 42University Hospital Centre Zagreb is the largest hospital in Croatia and the teaching hospital of the University of Zagreb. (from Croatia)
Image 43Stiniva Bay beach on island of Vis (from Croatia)
Image 44Ozalj Castle - one of Zrinski-Frankopan conspirators center and a center of Ozalj literary-linguistic circle which produced Croatian baroque literature such as: Putni tovaruš, Gazophylacium or Gartlic za čas kratiti. (from History of Croatia)
Image 45The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within Austria-Hungary created in 1868 following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement. (from Croatia)
Image 46Fascist leaders of Nazi Germany and its puppet state Independent State of Croatia, Adolf Hitler and Ante Pavelić, meeting in Berghof outside Berchtesgaden, Germany, 1941 (from Croatia)
Image 47Ban Josip Jelačić at the opening of the first modern Croatian Parliament (Sabor), June 5, 1848. The Croatian tricolour flag can be seen in the background. (from Croatia)
Image 48National Memorial Cemetery of The Victims of Homeland War in Vukovar, the central place of holding the National Remembrance Day, public holiday on November 18, for all the victims of the war in Croatia and the Vukovar massacre, one of the symbolic and crucial events in the Croatian War of Independence 1991 (from Croatia)
Image 49The historic centre of Trogir has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Site since 1997. (from Croatia)
Image 50Zagorski štrukli (from Croatia)
Image 51Croatia is one of the most successful water polo nations. National water polo team has won three world championships, Melbourne 2007, Budapest 2017 and Doha 2024. (from Croatia)
Image 52Tounj bridge on Jozephina road (from History of Croatia)
Image 53Arena Zagreb. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 54Dubrovnik is Croatia's most visited and most popular destination. (from Croatia)
Image 55University of Zadar, 1396, Croatia's oldest university (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 56Croatian soldiers raising the flag on the Knin fortress at a commemoration of the Operation Storm, the Croatian military action which liberated occupied Croatian territories in 1995 (from Croatia)
Image 57Portrait of a Roman woman, found in Solin (Salona), Croatia. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 58The woodcut by Leonhard Beck, from c. 1515, depicts the Battle of Krbava Field between the Army of Croatian nobility and Ottoman akinjis. (from History of Croatia)
Image 59A tower on top of Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) building in Zagreb neighbourhood of Prisavlje. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 60Poštak Wind Farm near Gračac, Zadar County. (from Croatia)
Image 61Rovinj is one of the most visited cities in Istria, alongside Pula and Poreč. (from Croatia)
Image 62Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (from History of Croatia)
Image 63Portal of the Trogir cathedral by sculptor Radovan, c. 1240 (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 64Croatian musical diva Josipa Lisac. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 65Pelješac Bridge connects the peninsula of Pelješac and through it the southernmost part, including Dubrovnik, with the Croatian mainland. (from Croatia)
Image 66The assassination of Croatian MPs in the National Assembly in Belgrade was one of the events which greatly damaged relations between Serbs and Croats in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. (from History of Croatia)
Image 67Kingdom of Croatia c. 925, during the reign of King Tomislav (from Croatia)
Image 68Varaždin, capital of Croatia between 1767 and 1776, is the seat of Varaždin county; Pictured: Old Town fortress, one of 15 Croatia's sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list (from Croatia)
Image 69Cathedral of St Stephen in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, the 14th century interior (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 70On January 1, 2023, Croatia joined the eurozone, replacing Croatian kuna with euro as its national currency. (from Croatia)
Image 71A man wearing Lika cap. (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 72Marko Marulić (18 August 1450 – 5 January 1524), Croatian poet, lawyer, judge, and Renaissance humanist who coined the term "psychology". He is the national poet of Croatia. (from Croatia)
Image 73The Baška tablet is the oldest Glagolitic monument in Croatia. It documents the donation of land gifted by Croatian King Dmitar Zvonimir to the Benedictine monastery of St Lucy. (from Croatia)
Image 74Cremeschnitte of Samobor (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 75Medieval Croatia (dark green) south of Gvozd Mountain shown in relation to medieval Slavonia (green) centered around Diocese of Zagreb. (from History of Croatia)
Image 76Flag of the Independent State of Croatia (from History of Croatia)
Image 77Pula Arena, Roman amphitheatre located in Pula, constructed between 27 BC and AD 68. (from Croatia)
Image 78Baška Tablet (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 79A map of the Istrian peninsula from the Roman map Tabula Peutingeriana, made sometime in the 4th century (from History of Croatia)
Image 80Croatian writer Ivana Brlić – Mažuranić most known for her popular children's novel The Marvellous Adventures of Lapich the Apprentice (Croatian: Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića) (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 81Ban Josip Jelačić at the opening of the first Croatian civic Parliament (Sabor) whose deputies were elected on 5 June 1848. In earlier Sabors, members represented feudal estates rather than citizens. The Croatian tricolor flag can also be seen in the background. Dragutin Weingärtner, 1885. (from History of Croatia)
Image 82Architecture of Old Town in Dubrovnik (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 83"Remnants of the Remnants" (Reliquiae Reliquiarum), shown on this map in yellow, represent the territory under the jurisdiction of Croatian-Slavonian Sabor at the height of the Ottoman advance (from History of Croatia)
Image 84Plitvice Lakes National Park (from Croatia)
Image 85Two parts of the Triune Kingdom: Croatia-Slavonia (number 17) and Dalmatia (number 5) within Austria-Hungary (from History of Croatia)
Image 86Iapodian headwear and other material culture from Gacka valley, Croatia. (from History of Croatia)
Image 87Plitvice Lakes, IUCN Category II (National Park) (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 88A visit of Austro-Hungarian emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb in 1895, where he officially opened the Croatian National Theatre building. (from History of Croatia)
Image 89Self-portrait with Dog (Autoportret sa psom) by Miroslav Kraljević (1910) Modern Gallery, Zagreb (from Culture of Croatia)
Image 90People of Zagreb celebrating liberation on 12 May 1945 by Croatian Partisans (from Croatia)
Image 91Croatia became the 28th EU member country on 1 July 2013. (from Croatia)
Image 92Köppen-Geiger climate classification map of Croatia (from Croatia)
Image 93Savka Dabčević-Kučar, Croatian Spring participant; Europe's first female prime minister (from History of Croatia)
Image 94Telašćica Nature Park (from Croatia)
Image 95The 1835 issue of the magazine Danicza, with lyrics of what would later become the Croatian national anthem "Lijepa naša domovino" ("Our Beautiful Homeland"). (from History of Croatia)
Image 96Zlatni Rat beach on the Island of Brač is one of the foremost spots of tourism in Croatia. (from Croatia)
Image 97One of the seats of 14th-century magnate Paul Šubić, in Bribir. Paul held the hereditary titles of the Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia. Croatian historians sometimes refer to Paul as "the uncrowned king of Croatia". (from History of Croatia)

Selected biography - show another

Tesla, c. 1890

Nikola Tesla (/ˈnɪkələˈtɛslə/; Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла, [nǐkola têsla]; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor. He is known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla first studied engineering and physics in the 1870s without receiving a degree. He then gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry. In 1884 he immigrated to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen. He worked for a short time at the Edison Machine Works in New York City before he struck out on his own. With the help of partners to finance and market his ideas, Tesla set up laboratories and companies in New York to develop a range of electrical and mechanical devices. His AC induction motor and related polyphase AC patents, licensed by Westinghouse Electric in 1888, earned him a considerable amount of money and became the cornerstone of the polyphase system which that company eventually marketed. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies
Juan Bielovucic Zdenko Blažeković Mladen Lorković Matthias Corvinus Vedran Ćorluka Ivo Josipović Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Lisa Nemec Jasna Omejec Sandra Perković Luka Modrić Josip Jelačić

Selected geography article - show another

In the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, there are 718 islands, 389 islets and 78 reefs, making the Croatian archipelago the largest in the Adriatic Sea and the second largest in the Mediterranean Sea, after the Greek archipelago.

Of the 718 islands, only 47 are inhabited in the sense that at least one person resides on that island. Some sources indicate that Croatia has 67 inhabited islands, counting those that have a settlement, but 20 of those have lost all of their permanent population as a result of the population decline occurring throughout the Croatian islands due to insufficient economic activity.

Data on the populated islands of Croatia
#	Island	County	Population (as of 31 Mar 2011)	Area	Highest point	Population density
1	Krk	Primorje-Gorski Kotar	19,383	405.78 km² (100,270 acres)	568 m (1,864 ft)	47.8/km² (0.193/acre)
2	Korčula	Dubrovnik-Neretva	15,522	276.03 km² (68,210 acres)	569 m (1,867 ft)	56.2/km² (0.227/acre)
3	Brač	Split-Dalmatia	13,956	394.57 km² (97,500 acres)	780 m (2,560 ft)	35.4/km² (0.143/acre)
4	Hvar	Split-Dalmatia	11,077	299.66 km² (74,050 acres)	628 m (2,060 ft)	37.0/km² (0.150/acre)
5	Rab	Primorje-Gorski Kotar	9,328	90.84 km² (22,450 acres)	410 m (1,350 ft)	102.7/km² (0.416/acre)