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Introduction

P:EC

Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital is Quito and its largest city is Guayaquil.

The land that comprises modern-day Ecuador was once home to several groups of indigenous peoples that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized by the Spanish Empire during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as a sovereign state in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.8 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of Europeans, Native American, African, and Asian descendants. Spanish is the official language spoken by a majority of the population, although 13 native languages are also recognized, including Quechua and Shuar.

Ecuador is a representative democratic presidential republic and a developing country whose economy is highly dependent on exports of commodities, primarily petroleum and agricultural products. The country is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States, Mercosur, PROSUR, and the Non-Aligned Movement. According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research, between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, the country's Gini index of economic inequality improved from 0.55 to 0.47.

One of 17 megadiverse countries in the world, Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals, such as those of the Galápagos Islands. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable rights of nature.

In the 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI), Ecuador ranks 58th out of 127 countries with a score of 11.6, which indicates a moderate level of hunger. (Full article...)

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Rolando Patricio Vera Rodas (born April 27, 1965 in Cuenca, Azuay) is a retired long-distance runner from Ecuador, who represented his native country at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He reached the top ten of the 10,000 metres at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics. He enjoyed much championship success at the regional level: he was a two-time South American Champion on the track and won gold medals at the South American Games and Bolivarian Games, as well as reaching the podium at the Ibero-American Championships and the 1987 Pan American Games.

He won road running competitions on four continents and was tenth at the 1994 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Vera won the Saint Silvester Road Race four times consecutively in the 1980s. In 1995 he won both the Los Angeles Marathon and the Chuncheon Marathon, and he won the Beppu-Ōita Marathon two years later. At Olympic level he competed in the marathon on two occasions (1992 and 1996). He remains the Ecuadorian record holder over 20 km and the half marathon. His personal best in the marathon is 2:10:46 – a time which brought him third at the 1990 Boston Marathon. (Full article...)

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Ecuador Articles

Ecuador articles by quality and importance
Quality	Importance
Quality	Top	High	Mid	Low	NA	???	Total
FA		2	2	2			6
FL						1	1
FM					4		4
GA	2	2	2	6		3	15
B	6	8	8	35		25	82
C	11	20	48	147		114	340
Start	19	42	120	815		617	1,613
Stub	11	11	45	3,424		1,155	4,646
List	3	3	9	70		43	128
Category					2,767		2,767
Disambig					9		9
File					78		78
Portal					12		12
Project					15		15
Redirect	1		4	27	315		347
Template					242		242
NA	1		1	2	64		68
Other					18		18
Assessed	54	88	239	4,528	3,524	1,958	10,391
Unassessed						23	23
Total	54	88	239	4,528	3,524	1,981	10,414
WikiWork factors (?)		ω = 37,577			Ω = 5.61

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The following are images from various Ecuador-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1From an aircraft flying out of Baltra Island (on the right) and the Santa Cruz (on the left), the Itabaca Channel is the waterway between the islands. (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 2A satellite map of chlorophyll and phytoplankton concentration (top) paired with a map of oceanic surface temperatures at the same time (bottom). The thriving populations represented by green and yellow in the upper map correlate to areas of higher surface temperatures represented by yellow in the lower map (2 March 2009). (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 3Admiralty chart of the Galápagos (1953) (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 4The Wall of Tears at Puerto Villamil on Isabela, the largest of the Galapagos (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 5Water taxi in Puerto Ayora (2011) (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 6Traditional Handmade hats for sale at the Otavalo Artisan Market in the Andes Mountains of Ecuador (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 7Gen. José de Villamil, founder of the Ecuadorian Navy and first governor of the islands (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 8Traditional Alpaca clothing at the Otavalo Artisan Market (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 9Puerto Ayora, the largest town in the Galápagos (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 10The flag of Galápagos Province (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 11Julio Jaramillo is an icon of music. (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 12Seymour Airport on Baltra (2013) (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 13Adult Galápagos sea lion resting on a park bench in Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 14The 1841 Admiralty chart drafted from FitzRoy's survey of the islands on HMS Beagle (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 15Satellite photo of the Galápagos islands overlaid with the names of the islands (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 16Bottlenose dolphins jumping offshore of the islands (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 17The chart of the Galápagos published by the English pirate William Ambrosia Cowley in 1684, the source of many of the islands' English names (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 18School of scalloped hammerheads off Wolf Island (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 19A Galápagos fur seal on Santiago Island (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 20Sunset on San Cristóbal Island (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 21A woman in Ecuadorian dress participating in the 2010 Carnaval del Pueblo. (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 22Juan Montalvo (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 23Major square of Quito. Painting of 18th century. Quito Painting Colonial School. (from History of Ecuador)
Image 24Brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Tortuga Bay (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 25Grapsus grapsus on the rocks (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 26Galápagos tortoise on Santa Cruz Island (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 27Alpaca Scarf´s at the Otavalo Artisan Market. (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 28Hand painted crafts at the Otavalo Artisan Market (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 29Location of the Galápagos Islands relative to continental Ecuador (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 30Detail of the Galápagos on Abraham Ortelius's 1570 map of the Americas (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 31Ecuadorian children on a Galápagos beach in the 1920s (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 32Pinnacle Rock on Bartolomé Island, with Santiago in the background and a ferry on the right for scale (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 33Map of the former Gran Colombia in 1824 (named in its time as Colombia), Gran Colombia included all shaded areas. (from History of Ecuador)
Image 34A manuscript map of the islands from the charts drafted by James Colnett of the British Royal Navy in 1793, adding additional names (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 35Tumaco-La Tolita mythological figure in feathered costume. Between 100 BC and 100 AD. Found in Esmeraldas. (from History of Ecuador)
Image 36Eleanor Roosevelt visiting U.S. servicemen at Beta Base (Seymour Airport) on Baltra during World War II (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 37Marine iguana (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 38Waved albatrosses on Española (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 39A photograph of the Galápagos Islands from the International Space Station in October 2020. North is to the right. The sunglint reveals features usually difficult to spot, including the crater lake in the caldera of La Cumbre, the shield volcano that formed Fernandina Island. More details via click-through. (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 40Blue-footed booby (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 41Daphne Major (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 42Galápagos penguin on Bartolomé Island (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 43Leonidas Iza, president of CONAIE, a confederation of Ecuadorian Indigenous groups, in 2022 (from History of Ecuador)
Image 44A Galápagos tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) on Santa Cruz. C. nigra is the largest living species of tortoise, hunted to near extinction during the islands' whaling era. (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 45Galápagos dove on Española Island (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 46North Seymour Island with Daphne Island in the distance (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 47A bowl of fanesca served in Quito, Ecuador. A traditional soup of Ecuador served around Easter. (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 48Isabela seen from the Spot Satellite (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 49Gould's illustration of Darwin's finches (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 50General Antonio José de Sucre, Commander In Chief, División del Sur. (from History of Ecuador)
Image 51Antique dug out canoes in the courtyard of the Old Military Hospital in the Historic Center of Quito. (from History of Ecuador)
Image 52Satellite maps of the concentration of chlorophyll (representing abundance of phytoplankton) during El Niño (top) and La Niña (bottom). The color scale goes from blue at the lowest concentrations to red at the highest. Currents that normally fertilize phytoplankton reverse during El Niño, resulting in barren oceans. The same currents are strengthened by La Niña, resulting in an explosion of ocean life. (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 53The Post Barrel on Floreana Island, formerly used by sailors to pass messages to any passing ships (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 54Orthographic projection centered over the Galápagos (from Galápagos Islands)
Image 55The banana boom of the mid-20th century boosted the economy of Guayaquil, where office buildings like these were built. (from History of Ecuador)
Image 56Incan ruins at Ingapirca (from History of Ecuador)
Image 57The Spanish Historical Center in Quito, Ecuador (from Culture of Ecuador)
Image 58Former President Rafael Correa (left) attends President-elect Lenín Moreno's (middle) "changing of the guard" ceremony. The two PAIS leaders were considered close allies before Moreno's "de-Correaization" efforts started after he assumed the presidency. (from History of Ecuador)

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Did you know - load new batch

... that San Rafael Falls, once Ecuador's largest waterfall, was swallowed by a sinkhole in February 2020 and no longer exists?
... that several ambiguously gendered figurines from pre-Columbian Ecuador can be analyzed through the lens of transgender archaeology?
... that Julian Assange's lawyer argued that the rules set by the Ecuadorian embassy requiring Assange to take care of his pet cat Michi were "denigrating"?
... that the white-tailed jay found in Ecuador and Peru was once thought to have been brought to Mexico by pre-Columbian trade?

... that Sangay, a stratovolcano in Ecuador nicknamed The Frightener in Quechua, has been continuously erupting since 1934?
... that Gabriela Rivadeneira, a 29-year old former local beauty queen, has been mentioned as a possible successor for President of Ecuador, Rafael Correa?
... that Quito (the capital of Ecuador) has the highest cable car in the world?
... that Ecuador's biodiversity is amongst the highest in the world? For instance more than 16,000 species of plants, including 4,000 species of orchids.
... that Imbabura (pictured) is an inactive stratovolcano in northern Ecuador which is revered in local folklore as a protective parent?
Imbabura

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Republic of Ecuador
*República del Ecuador* (Spanish)
Republic of Ecuador República del Ecuador (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of Arms
	Location of Ecuador (dark green)
ISO 3166 code	EC
	See also: Outline of Ecuador

Locations

Parque El Ejido Atacazo

Events

People

page	name	surname	WikiSpanish
Jorge Elías Adoum [1]	Jorge	Adoum
Alfonso Aguilar Ruilova [2]	Alfonso	Ruilova
Juan Bautista Aguirre [3][4]	Juan Bautista	Aguirre	es:Juan Bautista Aguirre
Ernesto Albán [5][6][7]	Ernesto	Albán
Belisario Albán Mestanza [8]	Belisario	Albán
Vicente Albán [9]	Vicente	Albán
Humberto Albornoz [10] (stub)	Humberto	Albornoz
Víctor Manuel Albornoz [11][12]	Víctor Manuel	Albornoz Cabanilla
Isidro Ayora	Isisdro	Ayora Cueva
Gilberto Almeida	Gilberto	Almeida
Lila Álvarez Garcia	Lila	Álvarez Garcia
Francisco Andrade Marín	Francisco	Andrade Marin