Portal:Trees

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In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees.

Trees are not a monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some trees reaching several thousand years old. Trees evolved around 370 million years ago, and it is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world currently.

A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk, which typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees the trunk is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the tree's growth and development.

Trees usually reproduce using seeds. Flowering plants have their seeds inside fruits, while conifers carry their seeds in cones, and tree ferns produce spores instead.

Trees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues. Trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Trees provide shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, and fruit for food as well as having many other uses. In much of the world, forests are shrinking as trees are cleared to increase the amount of land available for agriculture. Because of their longevity and usefulness, trees have always been revered, with sacred groves in various cultures, and they play a role in many of the world's mythologies. (Full article...)

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Pi de les tres branques in 2012

Pi de les tres branques (Catalan: [ˈpi ðə ləs ˈtɾɛz ˈβɾaŋkəs]; meaning "the three-branched pine") is a dead pine tree located in the countryside near the town of Berga in north-central Catalonia, Spain. It has long been regarded by some Catalan nationalists as representing the unity of the three "Catalan Countries" and is the site of regular political-cultural gatherings.

The tree has been dead since 1915 and is in poor structural condition, due in part to politically-motivated vandalism, but there is a very similar living tree a short distance away known as Pi jove de les tres branques ("the young three-branched pine"), which is regarded as its successor. Both are protected as "monumental trees" by the Catalan Generalitat. (Full article...)

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... that the Easter egg tree (pictured) in Saalfeld, Thuringia, was decorated with 10,000 Easter eggs in 2012?
... that the Living Willow Theatre, an open air theatre constructed of living willow trees, is located near the village of Llanwrthwl and occasionally holds outdoor performances of Shakespeare?
... that Wollemi Stringybark, a tree that grows to 45 metres (148 ft) high northwest of Sydney, remains officially undescribed?
... that Linton Park in Kent, England, has an avenue of Giant Sequoia trees planted in 1864?
... that the Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve contains a "stone tree"?
... that the scarlet honey myrtle, an ornamental garden shrub, is from the same genus as the punk tree?
... that the towers of architect Terunobu Fujimori's Lamune Onsen have pine trees planted on the apex of their roofs?

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Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) in Nevada, United States

Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus (/dʒuːˈnɪpərəs/ joo-NIP-ər-əs) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, including the Arctic, parts of Asia, and Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various tree-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The General Sherman Tree, thought to be the world's largest by volume (from Tree)
Image 2Fraxinus excelsior (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 3Latex collecting from a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) (from Tree)
Image 4A section of yew (Taxus baccata) showing 27 annual growth rings, pale sapwood and dark heartwood (from Tree)
Image 5World production of selected forest products (from Forest)
Image 6Neem tree at Sant Nenuram Ashram (from Trees of Pakistan)
Image 7The Daintree Rainforest (from Tree)
Image 8Forest in the Scottish Highlands (from Forest)
Image 9Trees in art: Weeping Willow, Claude Monet, 1918 (from Tree)
Image 10Informal upright style of bonsai on a juniper tree (from Tree)
Image 11Alnus glutinosa (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 12Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) tapped to collect sap for maple syrup (from Tree)
Image 13Rowan tree in Wicklow, Ireland (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 14Cracked thorny skin of a Aesculus tree seed (from Tree)
Image 15European larch (Larix decidua), a coniferous tree which is also deciduous (from Tree)
Image 16An avenue of London planes (Platanus × hispanica) in a garden in Belgium. (from Tree)
Image 17Broadleaf forest in Bhutan (from Forest)
Image 18Selling firewood at a market (from Tree)
Image 19Roof trusses made from softwood (from Tree)
Image 20Casentinesi Forests, Italy (from Forest)
Image 21Buds, leaves and reproductive structures of white fir, Abies alba (from Tree)
Image 22Burned forest on Thasos (from Forest)
Image 23Malus sylvestris (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 24Recently stripped cork oak (Quercus suber) (from Tree)
Image 25Since the 13th century, the Niepołomice Forest in Poland has had special use and protection. In this view from space, different coloration can indicate different functions. (from Forest)
Image 26Palms and cycads as they might have appeared in the middle Tertiary (from Tree)
Image 27Diagram of secondary growth in a eudicot or coniferous tree showing idealised vertical and horizontal sections. A new layer of wood is added in each growing season, thickening the stem, existing branches and roots. (from Tree)
Image 28Share of land that is covered by forest (from Forest)
Image 29Lepidodendron, an extinct lycophyte tree (from Tree)
Image 304000 years old Cypress of Abarqu is the oldest tree in Iran and the second oldest tree in the world. (from List of trees of Iran)
Image 31A young red pine (Pinus resinosa) with spread of roots visible, as a result of soil erosion (from Tree)
Image 32Dormant buds of ash, Fraxinus excelsior (from Tree)
Image 33Even, dense old-growth stand of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) prepared to be regenerated by their saplings in the understory, in the Brussels part of the Sonian Forest. (from Forest)
Image 34People trees, by Pooktre (from Tree)
Image 35Spiny forest at Ifaty, Madagascar, featuring various Adansonia (baobab) species, Alluaudia procera (Madagascar ocotillo) and other vegetation (from Forest)
Image 36A forest near Vinitsa, North Macedonia (from Forest)
Image 37Form, leaves and reproductive structures of queen sago, Cycas circinalis (from Tree)
Image 38Buttress roots of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) (from Tree)
Image 39Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021) (from Forest)
Image 40Yellow cassia, an ornamental tree with yellow flowers (from Tree)
Image 41Redwood tree in northern California redwood forest, where many redwood trees are managed for preservation and longevity, rather than being harvested for wood production (from Forest)
Image 42Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia (from Forest)
Image 43Tall herbaceous monocotyledonous plants such as banana lack secondary growth, but are trees under the broadest definition. (from Tree)
Image 44Yggdrasil, the World Ash of Norse mythology (from Tree)
Image 45Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a deciduous broad-leaved (angiosperm) tree (from Tree)
Image 46Buds, leaves, flowers and fruit of pedunculate oak, Quercus robur (from Tree)
Image 47Latvian Pine Forest in Ķegums Municipality (from Forest)
Image 48Proportion of forest in protected areas, by region, 2020 (from Forest)
Image 49Wind dispersed seed of elm (Ulmus), ash (Fraxinus) and maple (Acer) (from Tree)
Image 50Olive trees in Pakistan (from Trees of Pakistan)
Image 51The Amazon rainforest alongside the Solimões River, a tropical rainforest. These forests are the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems in the world. (from Forest)
Image 52Conifers in the Swabian alps (from Tree)
Image 53Priest River winding through Whitetail Butte with lots of forestry to the east—these lot patterns have existed since the mid-19th century. The white patches reflect areas with younger, smaller trees, where winter snow cover shows up brightly to the astronauts. Dark green-brown squares are parcels (from Forest)
Image 54Northern beech (Fagus sylvatica) trunk in autumn (from Tree)
Image 55Proportion and distribution of global forest area by climatic domain, 2020 (from Forest)
Image 56Temperate rainforest in Tasmania's Hellyer Gorge (from Forest)